{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T12:30:55Z","timestamp":1788093055281,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1456,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: A recent meta-analysis suggested evidence for an effect of exposure to ambient air pollutants on risk of certain congenital heart defects. However, few studies have investigated the effects of traffic-related air pollutants with sufficient spatial accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objectives: We estimated associations between congenital anomalies and exposure to traffic-related air pollution in Barcelona, Spain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Method: Cases with nonchromosomal anomalies (n = 2,247) and controls (n = 2,991) were selected from the Barcelona congenital anomaly register during 1994\u20132006. Land use regression models from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE), were applied to residential addresses at birth to estimate spatial exposure to nitrogen oxides and dioxide (NOx, NO2), particulate matter with diameter \u2264 10 \u03bcm (PM10), 10\u20132.5 \u03bcm (PMcoarse), \u2264 2.5 \u03bcm (PM2.5), and PM2.5 absorbance. Spatial estimates were adjusted for temporal trends using data from routine monitoring stations for weeks 3\u20138 of each pregnancy. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for 18 congenital anomaly groups associated with an interquartile-range (IQR) increase in exposure estimates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: In spatial and spatiotemporal exposure models, we estimated statistically significant associations between an IQR increase in NO2 (12.2 \u03bcg\/m3) and coarctation of the aorta (ORspatiotemporal = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.31) and digestive system defects (ORspatiotemporal = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.23), and between an IQR increase in PMcoarse (3.6 \u03bcg\/m3) and abdominal wall defects (ORspatiotemporal = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.37, 2.73). Other statistically significant increased and decreased ORs were estimated based on the spatial model only or the spatiotemporal model only, but not both.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: Our results overall do not indicate an association between traffic-related air pollution and most groups of congenital anomalies. Findings for coarctation of the aorta are consistent with those of the previous meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Citation: Schembari A, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Salvador J, de Nazelle A, Cirach M, Dadvand P, Beelen R, Hoek G, Basaga\u00f1a X, Vrijheid M. 2014. Traffic-related air pollution and congenital anomalies in Barcelona. Environ Health Perspect 122:317\u2013323;\u2002http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1306802<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1306802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,7]],"date-time":"2014-01-07T08:21:18Z","timestamp":1389082878000},"page":"317-323","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Congenital Anomalies in Barcelona"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Schembari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Nieuwenhuijsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaquin","family":"Salvador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Servei de sistema d\u2019Informaci\u00f3 Sanitaria, Agencia de Salut P\u00fablica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"de Nazelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Cirach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Payam","family":"Dadvand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Beelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard","family":"Hoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Basaga\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Vrijheid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080602014531400_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2013.03.005","article-title":"Air pollution and congenital heart defects.","volume":"124","author":"Agay-Shay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2026080602014531400_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0800256","article-title":"Association between GIS-based exposure to urban air pollution during 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