{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:09:19Z","timestamp":1790838559523,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1067,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Air pollution exposure has been associated with increased blood pressure in adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined associations of antenatal exposure to ambient air pollution with newborn systolic blood pressure (SBP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied 1,131 mother\u2013infant pairs in a Boston, Massachusetts, area pre-birth cohort. We calculated average exposures by trimester and during the 2 to 90 days before birth for temporally resolved fine particulate matter (\u2264 2.5 \u03bcm; PM2.5), black carbon (BC), nitrogen oxides, nitrogen dioxide, ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide measured at stationary monitoring sites, and for spatiotemporally resolved estimates of PM2.5 and BC at the residence level. We measured SBP at a mean age of 30 \u00b1 18 hr with an automated device. We used mixed-effects models to examine associations between air pollutant exposures and SBP, taking into account measurement circumstances; child\u2019s birth weight; mother\u2019s age, race\/ethnicity, socioeconomic position, and third-trimester BP; and time trend. Estimates represent differences in SBP associated with an interquartile range (IQR) increase in each pollutant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher mean PM2.5 and BC exposures during the third trimester were associated with higher SBP (e.g., 1.0 mmHg; 95% CI: 0.1, 1.8 for a 0.32-\u03bcg\/m3 increase in mean 90-day residential BC). In contrast, O3 was negatively associated with SBP (e.g., \u20132.3 mmHg; 95% CI: \u20134.4, \u20130.2 for a 13.5-ppb increase during the 90 days before birth).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exposures to PM2.5 and BC in late pregnancy were positively associated with newborn SBP, whereas O3 was negatively associated with SBP. Longitudinal follow-up will enable us to assess the implications of these findings for health during later childhood and adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Citation:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>van Rossem L, Rifas-Shiman SL, Melly SJ, Kloog I, Luttmann-Gibson H, Zanobetti A, Coull BA, Schwartz JD, Mittleman MA, Oken E, Gillman MW, Koutrakis P, Gold DR. 2015. Prenatal air pollution exposure and newborn blood pressure. Environ Health Perspect 123:353\u2013359;\u2002http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1307419<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,27]],"date-time":"2015-01-27T12:11:59Z","timestamp":1422360719000},"page":"353-359","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Prenatal Air Pollution Exposure and Newborn Blood Pressure"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Lenie","family":"van Rossem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheryl L.","family":"Rifas-Shiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Melly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itai","family":"Kloog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Luttmann-Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Zanobetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent A.","family":"Coull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel D.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murray A.","family":"Mittleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Oken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew W.","family":"Gillman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petros","family":"Koutrakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane R.","family":"Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487313505821","article-title":"Traffic-related air pollution and noise and children\u2019s blood pressure: results from the PIAMA birth cohort study.","volume":"22","author":"Bilenko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit2","first-page":"341","article-title":"Impact of ambient air pollution on birth outcomes: systematic review of the current evidences.","volume":"101","author":"Bonzini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Lav"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-010-0514-z","article-title":"Ambient particulate matter and preterm birth or birth weight: a review of the literature.","volume":"84","author":"Bosetti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-005-0037-9","article-title":"You are what you breathe: evidence linking air pollution and blood pressure.","volume":"7","author":"Brook","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2009.08.005","article-title":"Particulate matter, air pollution, and blood pressure.","volume":"3","author":"Brook","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Soc Hypertens"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.130237","article-title":"Insights into the mechanisms and mediators of the effects of air pollution exposure on blood pressure and vascular function in healthy humans.","volume":"54","author":"Brook","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.730366","article-title":"Tracking of blood pressure from childhood to adulthood: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.","volume":"117","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.65.5.1028","article-title":"Systolic blood pressure in a population of infants in the first year of life: the Brompton study.","volume":"65","author":"de Swiet","year":"1980","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit9","article-title":"Linear mixed effect models","author":"Fitzmaurice GM, Laird NM, Ware JH.","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2007.03.009","article-title":"Does the effect of air pollution on pregnancy outcomes differ by gender? A systematic review.","volume":"105","author":"Ghosh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.4.1049","article-title":"Blood pressure measurement in childhood epidemiological studies.","volume":"92","author":"Gillman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2003.10.064","article-title":"Maternal age and other predictors of newborn blood pressure.","volume":"144","author":"Gillman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000101023.41844.ac","article-title":"Particulate air pollution and fetal health: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence.","volume":"15","author":"Glinianaia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9876.2007.00573.x","article-title":"Semiparametric latent variable regression models for spatiotemporal modelling of mobile source particles in the greater Boston area.","volume":"56","author":"Gryparis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser C Appl Stat"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026080605041297500_micit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318226e8d6","article-title":"Short-term impact of ambient air pollution and air temperature on blood pressure among pregnant women.","volume":"22","author":"Hampel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112882","article-title":"Studies of blood pressure in Tecumseh, Michigan. I. Blood pressure in young people and its relationship to personal and familial characteristics and complications of pregnancy in mothers.","volume":"111","author":"Higgins","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1103647","article-title":"Opposing effects of particle pollution, ozone, and ambient temperature on arterial blood pressure.","volume":"120","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200018070-00002","article-title":"The role of size at birth and postnatal catch-up growth in determining systolic blood pressure: a systematic review of the literature.","volume":"18","author":"Huxley","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.3155\/1047-3289.60.11.1327","article-title":"Hourly measurements of fine particulate sulfate and carbon aerosols at the Harvard\u2013U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Supersite in Boston.","volume":"60","author":"Kang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Air Waste Manag Assoc"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2009.01018.x","article-title":"Do maternal- or pregnancy-associated disease states affect blood pressure in the early neonatal period?","volume":"49","author":"Kent","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-11-40","article-title":"Using new satellite based exposure methods to study the association between pregnancy PM2.5 exposure, premature birth and birth weight in Massachusetts.","volume":"11","author":"Kloog","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.2307\/2529876","article-title":"Random-effects models for longitudinal data.","volume":"38","author":"Laird","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(00)00204-8","article-title":"Afferent properties and reflex functions of bronchopulmonary C-fibers.","volume":"125","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Respir Physiol"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.61.1.121","article-title":"Tracking correlations of blood pressure levels in infancy.","volume":"61","author":"Levine","year":"1978","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2004.01.001","article-title":"A review of the literature on the effects of ambient air pollution on fetal growth.","volume":"95","author":"Maisonet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0900591","article-title":"Black carbon exposure, oxidative stress genes, and blood pressure in a repeated-measures study.","volume":"117","author":"Mordukhovich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e55815","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055815","article-title":"Maternal and pregnancy related predictors of cardiometabolic traits in newborns.","volume":"8","author":"Morrison","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000108927.80044.7F","article-title":"Cardiovascular mortality and long-term exposure to particulate air pollution: epidemiological evidence of general pathophysiological pathways of disease.","volume":"109","author":"Pope","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112805","article-title":"Infant blood pressure and heart rate: relation to ethnic group (black or white), nutrition and electrolyte intake.","volume":"110","author":"Schachter","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"2026080605041297500_micit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108s3451","article-title":"Identifying critical windows of exposure for children\u2019s health.","volume":"108","author":"Selevan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2010.10.009","article-title":"Air pollution and birth outcomes: a systematic review.","volume":"37","author":"Shah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.958769","article-title":"Determinants of blood pressure in preschool children: the role of parental smoking.","volume":"123","author":"Simonetti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.041","article-title":"Air pollution and antibodies against modified lipoproteins are associated with atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling in hyperlipemic mice.","volume":"207","author":"Soares","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1103631","article-title":"Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution associated with blood pressure and self-reported hypertension in a Danish cohort.","volume":"120","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6362","article-title":"Ambient air pollution and pregnancy outcomes: a review of the literature.","volume":"113","author":"Sr\u00e1m","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719108322436","article-title":"Environmental exposures and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a review of the science.","volume":"15","author":"Stillerman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-378","article-title":"Blood pressure and particulate air pollution in schoolchildren of Lahore, Pakistan.","volume":"12","author":"Sughis","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3003","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.23.3003","article-title":"Long-term air pollution exposure and acceleration of atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation in an animal model.","volume":"294","author":"Sun","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.164087","article-title":"Air pollution, blood pressure, and the risk of hypertensive complications during pregnancy: the generation R study.","volume":"57","author":"van den Hooven","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.069591","article-title":"Particulate urban air pollution affects the functional morphology of mouse placenta.","volume":"79","author":"Veras","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2013-101526","article-title":"Associations between arrhythmia episodes and temporally and spatially resolved black carbon and particulate matter in elderly patients.","volume":"71","author":"Zanobetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2026080605041297500_micit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.7.3.411","article-title":"Significance of blood pressure in infancy. Familial aggregation and predictive effect on later blood pressure.","volume":"7","author":"Zinner","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hypertension"}],"container-title":["Environmental Health Perspectives"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-pdf\/123\/4\/353\/66430920\/ehp.1307419.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-pdf\/123\/4\/353\/66430920\/ehp.1307419.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T13:47:12Z","timestamp":1786628832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1289\/ehp.1307419"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,27]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1307419","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.725328635.793523292","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0091-6765","1552-9924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-6765","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-9924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,27]]}}}