{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:15:46Z","timestamp":1789658146521,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1323,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: Long-term exposure to air pollution has been hypothesized to elevate arterial blood pressure (BP). The existing evidence is scarce and country specific.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objectives: We investigated the cross-sectional association of long-term traffic-related air pollution with BP and prevalent hypertension in European populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: We analyzed 15 population-based cohorts, participating in the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE). We modeled residential exposure to particulate matter and nitrogen oxides with land use regression using a uniform protocol. We assessed traffic exposure with traffic indicator variables. We analyzed systolic and diastolic BP in participants medicated and nonmedicated with BP-lowering medication (BPLM) separately, adjusting for personal and area-level risk factors and environmental noise. Prevalent hypertension was defined as \u2265 140 mmHg systolic BP, or \u2265 90 mmHg diastolic BP, or intake of BPLM. We combined cohort-specific results using random-effects meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: In the main meta-analysis of 113,926 participants, traffic load on major roads within 100 m of the residence was associated with increased systolic and diastolic BP in nonmedicated participants [0.35 mmHg (95% CI: 0.02, 0.68) and 0.22 mmHg (95% CI: 0.04, 0.40) per 4,000,000 vehicles \u00d7 m\/day, respectively]. The estimated odds ratio (OR) for prevalent hypertension was 1.05 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.11) per 4,000,000 vehicles \u00d7 m\/day. Modeled air pollutants and BP were not clearly associated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: In this first comprehensive meta-analysis of European population-based cohorts, we observed a weak positive association of high residential traffic exposure with BP in nonmedicated participants, and an elevated OR for prevalent hypertension. The relationship of modeled air pollutants with BP was inconsistent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Citation: Fuks KB, Weinmayr G, Foraster M, Dratva J, Hampel R, Houthuijs D, Oftedal B, Oudin A, Panasevich S, Penell J, Sommar JN, S\u00f8rensen M, Tittanen P, Wolf K, Xun WW, Aguilera I, Basaga\u00f1a X, Beelen R, Bots ML, Brunekreef B, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Caracciolo B, Cirach M, de Faire U, de Nazelle A, Eeftens M, Elosua R, Erbel R, Forsberg B, Fratiglioni L, Gaspoz JM, Hilding A, Jula A, Korek M, Kr\u00e4mer U, K\u00fcnzli N, Lanki T, Leander K, Magnusson PK, Marrugat J, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, \u00d6stenson CG, Pedersen NL, Pershagen G, Phuleria HC, Probst-Hensch NM, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Schaffner E, Schikowski T, Schindler C, Schwarze PE, S\u00f8gaard AJ, Sugiri D, Swart WJ, Tsai MY, Turunen AW, Vineis P, Peters A, Hoffmann B. 2014. Arterial blood pressure and long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution: an analysis in the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE). Environ Health Perspect 122:896\u2013905;\u2002http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1307725<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,16]],"date-time":"2014-05-16T14:14:52Z","timestamp":1400249692000},"page":"896-905","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Arterial Blood Pressure and Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution: An Analysis in the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE)"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Kateryna B.","family":"Fuks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gudrun","family":"Weinmayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Foraster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Dratva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Hampel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danny","family":"Houthuijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bente","family":"Oftedal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Oudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sviatlana","family":"Panasevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Penell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan N.","family":"Sommar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mette","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pekka","family":"Tiittanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei W.","family":"Xun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Aguilera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, 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Bas","family":"Bueno-de-Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Caracciolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Cirach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, 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