{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:52:06Z","timestamp":1792684326261,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":934,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), are detectable in the serum of 95% of the U.S. population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Considering the role of PFASs as endocrine disruptors, we examined their relationships with bone health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The association between serum PFAS concentration and bone mineral density at total femur (TFBMD), femoral neck (FNBMD), lumbar spine (LSBMD), and physician-diagnosed osteoporosis was assessed in 1,914 participants using data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2009\u20132010.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean age of the participants was 43 years. Men had higher serum PFAS concentrations than women (p &amp;lt; 0.001) except for PFNA. In both sexes, serum PFOS concentrations were inversely associated with FNBMD (p &amp;lt; 0.05). In women, significant negative associations were observed for natural log (ln)\u2013transformed PFOS exposure with TFBMD and FNBMD, and for ln-transformed PFOA exposure with TFBMD (p &amp;lt; 0.05). In postmenopausal women, serum PFOS was negatively associated with TFBMD and FNBMD, and PFNA was negatively associated with TFBMD, FNBMD, and LSBMD (all p &amp;lt; 0.05). With one log unit increase in serum PFOA, PFHxS, and PFNA, osteoporosis prevalence in women increased as follows: [adjusted odds ratios (aORs)] 1.84 (95% CI: 1.17, 2.905), 1.64 (95% CI: 1.14, 2.38), and 1.45 (95% CI: 1.02, 2.05), respectively. In women, the prevalence of osteoporosis was significantly higher in the highest versus the lowest quartiles of PFOA, PFHxS, and PFNA, with aORs of 2.59 (95% CI: 1.01, 6.67), 13.20 (95% CI: 2.72, 64.15), and 3.23 (95% CI: 1.44, 7.21), respectively, based on 77 cases in the study sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a representative sample of the U.S. adult population, serum PFAS concentrations were associated with lower bone mineral density, which varied according to the specific PFAS and bone site assessed. Most associations were limited to women. Osteoporosis in women was also associated with PFAS exposure, based on a small number of cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Citation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Khalil N, Chen A, Lee M, Czerwinski SA, Ebert JR, DeWitt JC, Kannan K. 2016. Association of perfluoroalkyl substances, bone mineral density, and osteoporosis in the U.S. population in NHANES 2009\u20132010. Environ Health Perspect 124:81\u201387;\u2002http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1307909<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,9]],"date-time":"2015-06-09T12:41:12Z","timestamp":1433853672000},"page":"81-87","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":165,"title":["Association of Perfluoroalkyl Substances, Bone Mineral Density, and Osteoporosis in the U.S. Population in NHANES 2009\u20132010"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Naila","family":"Khalil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health, Department of Community Health, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miryoung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lifespan Health Research Center, Department of Community Health, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan A.","family":"Czerwinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lifespan Health Research Center, Department of Community Health, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Ebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pediatric Lipid Clinic, Dayton Children\u2019s Hospital, Dayton, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie C.","family":"DeWitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurunthachalam","family":"Kannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080607050859500_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-012-0988-y","article-title":"Endocrine disruptors and bone metabolism.","volume":"87","author":"Agas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"2026080607050859500_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A250","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.115-a250","article-title":"Perfluoroalkyl acids: what is the evidence telling us?","volume":"115","author":"Betts","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080607050859500_micit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2011.03.014","article-title":"Tissue distribution of 35S-labelled perfluorooctane sulfonate in adult mice after oral exposure to a low environmentally relevant dose or a high experimental dose.","volume":"284","author":"Bogdanska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"2026080607050859500_micit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1021\/es062686m","article-title":"Serum concentrations of 11 polyfluoroalkyl compounds in the U.S. population: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)","volume":"41","author":"Calafat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2026080607050859500_micit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.86","article-title":"Correlates of trabecular and cortical volumetric bone mineral density at the femoral neck and lumbar spine: the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS).","volume":"25","author":"Cauley","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2026080607050859500_micit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-005-1866-8","article-title":"Factors associated with the lumbar spine and proximal femur bone mineral density in older men.","volume":"16","author":"Cauley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2026080607050859500_micit7","unstructured":"CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).\n          \n          2014. 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