{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:10:26Z","timestamp":1790039426916,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1176,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: Air pollution is linked to low lung function and to respiratory events, yet little is known of associations with lung structure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objectives: We examined associations of particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) with percent emphysema-like lung on computed tomography (CT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) recruited participants (45\u201384 years of age) in six U.S. states. Percent emphysema was defined as lung regions &amp;lt; \u2013910 Hounsfield Units on cardiac CT scans acquired following a highly standardized protocol. Spirometry was also conducted on a subset. Individual-level 1- and 20-year average air pollution exposures were estimated using spatiotemporal models that included cohort-specific measurements. Multivariable regression was conducted to adjust for traditional risk factors and study location.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Among 6,515 participants, we found evidence of an association between percent emphysema and long-term pollution concentrations in an analysis leveraging between-city exposure contrasts. Higher concentrations of PM2.5 (5 \u03bcg\/m3) and NOx (25 ppb) over the previous year were associated with 0.6 (95% CI: 0.1, 1.2%) and 0.5 (95% CI: 0.1, 0.9%) higher average percent emphysema, respectively. However, after adjustment for study site the associations were \u20130.6% (95% CI: \u20131.5, 0.3%) for PM2.5 and \u20130.5% (95% CI: \u20131.1, 0.02%) for NOx. Lower lung function measures (FEV1 and FVC) were associated with higher PM2.5 and NOx levels in 3,791 participants before and after adjustment for study site, though most associations were not statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: Associations between ambient air pollution and percentage of emphysema-like lung were inconclusive in this cross-sectional study, thus longitudinal analyses may better clarify these associations with percent emphysema.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Citation: Adar SD, Kaufman JD, Diez-Roux AV, Hoffman EA, D\u2019Souza J, Stukovsky KH, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Guo X, Raffel LJ, Sampson PD, Oron AP, Raghunathan T, Barr RG. 2015. Air pollution and percent emphysema identified by computed tomography in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Environ Health Perspect 123:144\u2013151;\u2002http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1307951<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,10]],"date-time":"2014-10-10T12:02:12Z","timestamp":1412942532000},"page":"144-151","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Air Pollution and Percent Emphysema Identified by Computed Tomography in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Sara D.","family":"Adar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel D.","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences,"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, and"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana V.","family":"Diez-Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"D\u2019Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen H.","family":"Stukovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen S.","family":"Rich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome I.","family":"Rotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuqing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie J.","family":"Raffel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Sampson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assaf P.","family":"Oron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core for Biomedical Studies, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trivellore","family":"Raghunathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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