{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:57:40Z","timestamp":1791424660063,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1029,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exposure to air pollution has been consistently associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but mechanisms remain uncertain. Associations with blood pressure (BP) may help to explain the cardiovascular effects of air pollution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined the cross-sectional relationship between long-term (annual average) residential air pollution exposure and BP in the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences\u2019 Sister Study, a large U.S. cohort study investigating risk factors for breast cancer and other outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This analysis included 43,629 women 35\u201376 years of age, enrolled 2003\u20132009, who had a sister with breast cancer. Geographic information systems contributed to satellite-based nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matter (\u2264 2.5 \u03bcm; PM2.5) predictions at participant residences at study entry. Generalized additive models were used to examine the relationship between pollutants and measured BP at study entry, adjusting for cardiovascular disease risk factors and including thin plate splines for potential spatial confounding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 10-\u03bcg\/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with 1.4-mmHg higher systolic BP (95% CI: 0.6, 2.3; p &amp;lt; 0.001), 1.0-mmHg higher pulse pressure (95% CI: 0.4, 1.7; p = 0.001), 0.8-mmHg higher mean arterial pressure (95% CI: 0.2, 1.4; p = 0.01), and no significant association with diastolic BP. A 10-ppb increase in NO2 was associated with a 0.4-mmHg (95% CI: 0.2, 0.6; p &amp;lt; 0.001) higher pulse pressure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long-term PM2.5 and NO2 exposures were associated with higher blood pressure. On a population scale, such air pollution\u2013related increases in blood pressure could, in part, account for the increases in cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality seen in prior studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Citation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chan SH, Van Hee VC, Bergen S, Szpiro AA, DeRoo LA, London SJ, Marshall JD, Kaufman JD, Sandler DP. 2015. Long-term air pollution exposure and blood pressure in the Sister Study. Environ Health Perspect 123:951\u2013958;\u2002http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1408125<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,6]],"date-time":"2015-03-06T12:10:16Z","timestamp":1425643816000},"page":"951-958","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":154,"title":["Long-Term Air Pollution Exposure and Blood Pressure in the Sister Study"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Stephanie H.","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor C.","family":"Van Hee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, and"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian D.","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel D.","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, and"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale P.","family":"Sandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chronic Disease Epidemiology Group, 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