{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T08:10:35Z","timestamp":1793347835602,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1141,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort studies of the relationship between air pollution exposure and chronic health effects require predictions of exposure over long periods of time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed a unified modeling approach for predicting fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, and black carbon (as measured by light absorption coefficient) in six U.S. metropolitan regions from 1999 through early 2012 as part of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We obtained monitoring data from regulatory networks and supplemented those data with study-specific measurements collected from MESA Air community locations and participants\u2019 homes. In each region, we applied a spatiotemporal model that included a long-term spatial mean, time trends with spatially varying coefficients, and a spatiotemporal residual. The mean structure was derived from a large set of geographic covariates that was reduced using partial least-squares regression. We estimated time trends from observed time series and used spatial smoothing methods to borrow strength between observations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prediction accuracy was high for most models, with cross-validation R2 (R2CV) &amp;gt; 0.80 at regulatory and fixed sites for most regions and pollutants. At home sites, overall R2CV ranged from 0.45 to 0.92, and temporally adjusted R2CV ranged from 0.23 to 0.92.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This novel spatiotemporal modeling approach provides accurate fine-scale predictions in multiple regions for four pollutants. We have generated participant-specific predictions for MESA Air to investigate health effects of long-term air pollution exposures. These successes highlight modeling advances that can be adopted more widely in modern cohort studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Citation:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Keller JP, Olives C, Kim SY, Sheppard L, Sampson PD, Szpiro AA, Oron AP, Lindstr\u00f6m J, Vedal S, Kaufman JD. 2015. A unified spatiotemporal modeling approach for predicting concentrations of multiple air pollutants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution. Environ Health Perspect 123:301\u2013309;\u2002http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1408145<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,14]],"date-time":"2014-11-14T12:03:42Z","timestamp":1415966622000},"page":"301-309","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":195,"title":["A Unified Spatiotemporal Modeling Approach for Predicting Concentrations of Multiple Air Pollutants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Joshua P.","family":"Keller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casey","family":"Olives","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianne","family":"Sheppard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, and"},{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Sampson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam A.","family":"Szpiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assaf P.","family":"Oron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core for Biomedical Statistics, Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Lindstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mathematical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sverre","family":"Vedal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel D.","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, 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