{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:37:17Z","timestamp":1786631837997,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1169,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: Exposure to air pollution is associated with a short-term increase in mortality, and this field has begun to focus on health impact assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objectives: Our aim was to estimate the impact of PM10 on mortality within 2 days from the exposure in the Italian region of Lombardy for the year 2007, at the municipality level, examining exposure entailed by daily intermunicipality commuting and accounting for uncertainty propagation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: We combined data from different sources to derive probabilistic distributions for all input quantities used to calculate attributable deaths (mortality rates, PM10 concentrations, estimated PM10 effects, and commuting flows) and applied a Monte Carlo procedure to propagate uncertainty and sample the distribution of attributable deaths for each municipality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: We estimated that annual average PM10 concentrations above the World Health Organization-recommended threshold of 20 \u03bcg\/m3 were responsible for 865 short-term deaths (80% credibility interval: 475, 1,401), 26% of which were attributable to PM10 above the European Union limit of 40 \u03bcg\/m3. Reducing annual average PM10 concentrations &amp;gt; 20 \u03bcg\/m3 by 20% would have reduced the number of attributable deaths by 36%. The largest estimated impacts were along the basin of the Po River and in the largest cities. Commuting contributed to the spatial distribution of the estimated impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: Our estimates, which incorporated uncertainty quantification, indicate that the short-term impact of PM10 on mortality in Lombardy in 2007 was notable, and that reduction in air pollution would have had a substantial beneficial effect on population health. Using commuting data helped to identify critical areas for prioritizing intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Citation: Baccini M, Grisotto L, Catelan D, Consonni D, Bertazzi PA, Biggeri A. 2015. Commuting-adjusted short-term health impact assessment of airborne fine particles with uncertainty quantification via Monte Carlo simulation. Environ Health Perspect 123:27\u201333;\u2002http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1408218<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,17]],"date-time":"2014-10-17T12:25:10Z","timestamp":1413548710000},"page":"27-33","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Commuting-Adjusted Short-Term Health Impact Assessment of Airborne Fine Particles with Uncertainty Quantification via Monte Carlo Simulation"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Michela","family":"Baccini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Informatics and Applications \u201cG. Parenti,\u201d University of Florence, Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Biostatistics Unit, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Grisotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Informatics and Applications \u201cG. Parenti,\u201d University of Florence, Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dolores","family":"Catelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Informatics and Applications \u201cG. Parenti,\u201d University of Florence, Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Biostatistics Unit, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Consonni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit, Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Ca` Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pier Alberto","family":"Bertazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit, Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Ca` Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annibale","family":"Biggeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Informatics and Applications \u201cG. Parenti,\u201d University of Florence, Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Biostatistics Unit, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080605013656000_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-011-0203-1","article-title":"Clearing the air: a review of the effects of particulate matter air pollution on human health.","volume":"8","author":"Anderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Toxicol"},{"key":"2026080605013656000_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr256","article-title":"Health impact assessment of fine particle pollution at the regional level.","volume":"174","author":"Baccini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026080605013656000_micit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2007.059857","article-title":"Reducing ambient levels of fine particulates could substantially improve health: a mortality impact assessment for 26 European cities.","volume":"62","author":"Ballester","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"2026080605013656000_micit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1002\/env.1086","article-title":"On the use of a PM2.5 exposure simulator to explain birthweight.","volume":"22","author":"Berrocal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environmetrics"},{"key":"2026080605013656000_micit5","first-page":"733","article-title":"On conditional and intrinsic auto-regressions.","volume":"82","author":"Besag","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"2026080605013656000_micit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00116466","article-title":"Bayesian image restoration, with two applications in spatial statistics.","volume":"43","author":"Besag","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Inst Stat Math"},{"key":"2026080605013656000_micit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1198\/016214507000000392","article-title":"Relating ambient particulate matter concentration levels to mortality using an exposure simulator.","volume":"103","author":"Calder","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"2026080605013656000_micit8","unstructured":"EU (European Union). 2008. 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