{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T01:04:13Z","timestamp":1789520653714,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1015,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Associations between long-term exposure to air pollution and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) have inconsistent findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study we aimed to evaluate association between 1-year average exposure to traffic-related air pollution and CIMT in middle-aged adults in Asia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CIMT was measured in Taipei, Taiwan, between 2009 and 2011 in 689 volunteers 35\u201365 years of age who were recruited as the control subjects of an acute coronary heart disease cohort study. We applied land-use regression models developed by the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE) to estimate each subject\u2019s 1-year average exposure to traffic-related air pollutants with particulate matter diameters \u2264 10 \u03bcm (PM10) and \u2264 2.5 \u03bcm (PM2.5) and the absorbance levels of PM2.5 (PM2.5abs), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the urban environment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One-year average air pollution exposures were 44.21 \u00b1 4.19 \u03bcg\/m3 for PM10, 27.34 \u00b1 5.12 \u03bcg\/m3 for PM2.5, and (1.97 \u00b1 0.36) \u00d7 10\u20135\/m for PM2.5abs. Multivariate regression analyses showed average percentage increases in maximum left CIMT of 4.23% (95% CI: 0.32, 8.13) per 1.0 \u00d7 10\u20135\/m increase in PM2.5abs; 3.72% (95% CI: 0.32, 7.11) per 10-\u03bcg\/m3 increase in PM10; 2.81% (95% CI: 0.32, 5.31) per 20-\u03bcg\/m3 increase in NO2; and 0.74% (95% CI: 0.08, 1.41) per 10-\u03bcg\/m3 increase in NOx. The associations were not evident for right CIMT, and PM2.5 mass concentration was not associated with the outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long-term exposures to traffic-related air pollution of PM2.5abs, PM10, NO2, and NOx were positively associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in middle-aged adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Citation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Su TC, Hwang JJ, Shen YC, Chan CC. 2015. Carotid intima\u2013media thickness and long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution in middle-aged residents of Taiwan: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health Perspect 123:773\u2013778;\u2002http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1408553<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,20]],"date-time":"2015-03-20T13:53:19Z","timestamp":1426859599000},"page":"773-778","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution in Middle-Aged Residents of Taiwan: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Ta-Chen","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juey-Jen","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Cheng","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Chuan","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 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