{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:38:31Z","timestamp":1786631911103,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":911,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The obesity pandemic is associated with multiple major health concerns. In addition to diet and lifestyle, there is increasing evidence that environmental exposures to chemicals known as obesogens also may promote obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated the massive environmental contamination resulting from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, including the use of the oil dispersant COREXIT in remediation efforts, to determine whether obesogens were released into the environment during this incident. We also sought to improve the sensitivity of obesogen detection methods in order to guide post-toxicological chemical assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peroxisome proliferator\u2013activated receptor gamma (PPAR\u03b3) transactivation assays were used to identify putative obesogens. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used to sub-fractionate the water-accommodated fraction generated by mixing COREXIT, cell culture media, and DWH oil (CWAF). Liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to identify components of fractionated CWAF. PPAR response element (PPRE) activity was measured in PPRE-luciferase transgenic mice. Ligand-binding assays were used to quantitate ligand affinity. Murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were used to assess adipogenic induction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum-free conditions greatly enhanced the sensitivity of PPAR\u03b3 transactivation assays. CWAF and COREXIT had significant dose-dependent PPAR\u03b3 transactivation activities. From SPE, the 50:50 water:ethanol volume fraction of CWAF contained this activity, and LC-MS indicated that major components of COREXIT contribute to PPAR\u03b3 transactivation in the CWAF. Molecular modeling predicted several components of COREXIT might be PPAR\u03b3 ligands. We classified dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS), a major component of COREXIT, as a probable obesogen by PPAR\u03b3 transactivation assays, PPAR-driven luciferase induction in vivo, PPAR\u03b3 binding assays (affinity comparable to pioglitazone and arachidonic acid), and in vitro murine adipocyte differentiation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conclude that DOSS is a putative obesogen worthy of further study, including epidemiological and clinical investigations into laxative prescriptions consisting of DOSS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Citation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Temkin AM, Bowers RR, Magaletta ME, Holshouser S, Maggi A, Ciana P, Guillette LJ, Bowden JA, Kucklick JR, Baatz JE, Spyropoulos DD. 2016. Effects of crude oil\/dispersant mixture and dispersant components on PPAR\u03b3 activity in vitro and in vivo: identification of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS; CAS #577-11-7) as a probable obesogen. Environ Health Perspect 124:112\u2013119;\u2002http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1409672<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1409672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]],"date-time":"2015-07-03T12:12:41Z","timestamp":1435925561000},"page":"112-119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Effects of Crude Oil\/Dispersant Mixture and Dispersant Components on PPAR\n                    <b>\u03b3<\/b>\n                    Activity\n                    <i>in Vitro<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>in Vivo<\/i>\n                    : Identification of Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate (DOSS; CAS #577-11-7) as a Probable Obesogen"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Alexis M.","family":"Temkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Biomedical Sciences Program, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert 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Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Ciana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis J.","family":"Guillette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Biomedical Sciences Program, and"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Bowden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and"},{"name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Kucklick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and"},{"name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Baatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and"},{"name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, South Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demetri D.","family":"Spyropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Biomedical Sciences Program, and"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA"},{"name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and"},{"name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, South Carolina, 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