{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T11:24:53Z","timestamp":1789212293465,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4763,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Three types of tissue samples\u2014umbilical cord (UC), umbilical cord serum (CS), and maternal serum (MS)\u2014have often been used to assess fetal exposure to chemicals. In order to know the relationship of contamination between mothers and fetuses, we measured persistent chemicals in comparable sets of the three tissue samples. Also, we analyzed the association between the chemicals in maternal and fetal tissues to know which tissue is the best sample for fetal exposure assessment. On a wet basis, the chemical concentrations were of the order MS &amp;gt; CS &amp;gt; UC, except for some chemicals such as cis-chlordane and endosulfan. On a lipid basis, the concentrations in UC were nearly equal or often higher than in MS, but the concentrations in CS were usually lower than in others. Hexachlorocyclohexanes and penta-, hexa-, and heptachlorinated biphenyls showed an association between the concentrations in UC versus MS, and UC versus CS. These chemicals also showed high correlation coefficients between the chemical concentrations in UC of first babies and maternal age. These chemicals were closely related to each other when grouped on the basis of their concentrations using cluster analysis. In conclusion, we insist that UC is the best sample to assess fetal contamination status of persistent chemicals. There is a possibility that the assessment based on the contamination levels in CS result in an underestimation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,14]],"date-time":"2004-12-14T11:09:33Z","timestamp":1103022573000},"page":"297-303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Necessity to Measure PCBs and Organochlorine Pesticide Concentrations in Human Umbilical Cords for Fetal Exposure Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Hideki","family":"Fukata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Environmental Medical Science,"},{"name":"2Environmental Health Science Project for Future Generations,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariko","family":"Omori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Environmental Medical Science,"},{"name":"2Environmental Health Science Project for Future Generations,"},{"name":"3Department of Reproductive Medicine, and"},{"name":"4Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisao","family":"Osada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Environmental Health Science Project for Future Generations,"},{"name":"5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emiko","family":"Todaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Environmental Health Science Project for Future Generations,"},{"name":"4Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan"},{"name":"6Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University, Kashiwa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chisato","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Environmental Health Science Project for Future Generations,"},{"name":"4Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080410152010400_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6023","article-title":"A critical review of methods for comparing estrogenic activity of endogenous and exogenous chemicals in human milk and infant formula","volume":"111","author":"Borgert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080410152010400_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.111-1241458","article-title":"The National Children\u2019s Study of environmental effects on child health and development","volume":"111","author":"Branum","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Health 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