{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T02:05:03Z","timestamp":1792721103647,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4713,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We modeled the flow of methyl mercury, a toxic global pollutant, in the Faroe Islands marine ecosystem and compared average human methyl mercury exposure from consumption of pilot whale meat and fish (cod, Gadus morhua) with current tolerable weekly intake (TWI) levels. Under present conditions and climate change scenarios, methyl mercury increased in the ecosystem, translating into increased human exposure over time. However, we saw greater changes as a result of changing fishing mortalities. A large portion of the general human population exceed the TWI levels set by the World Health Organization [WHO; 1.6 \u03bcg\/kg body weight (bw)], and they all exceed the reference dose (RfD) of 0.1 \u03bcg\/kg bw\/day set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA; equivalent to a TWI of 0.7 \u03bcg\/kg bw). As a result of an independent study documenting that Faroese children exposed prenatally to methyl mercury had reduced cognitive abilities, pregnant women have decreased their intake of whale meat and were below the TWI levels set by the WHO and the U.S. EPA. Cod had approximately 95% lower methyl mercury concentrations than did pilot whale. Thus, the high and harmful levels of methyl mercury in the diet of Faroe Islanders are driven by whale meat consumption, and the increasing impact of climate change is likely to exacerbate this situation. Significantly, base inflow rates of mercury into the environment would need to be reduced by approximately 50% to ensure levels of intake below the WHO TWI levels, given current levels of whale consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,2]],"date-time":"2005-02-02T15:17:56Z","timestamp":1107357476000},"page":"521-526","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":194,"title":["Mercury, Food Webs, and Marine Mammals: Implications of Diet and Climate Change for Human Health"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Shawn","family":"Booth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Zeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2026080607013776900_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-1136(97)00011-1","article-title":"A survey of total mercury and methylmercury in edible fish and invertebrates from Azorean waters","volume":"44","author":"Andersen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mar Environ Res"},{"key":"2026080607013776900_micit2","first-page":"38","article-title":"The \u201cSkinn\u201d values of pilot whales in the Faroe Islands: an evaluation and a corrective proposal","volume":"1","author":"Bloch","year":"1989","journal-title":"J N Atlantic Stud"},{"key":"2026080607013776900_micit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(99)00283-0","article-title":"Ecological effects, transport, and fate of mercury: a general review","volume":"40","author":"Boening","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026080607013776900_micit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620140512","article-title":"Mercury and cadmium uptake from seawater and from food by the Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus","volume":"14","author":"Canli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2026080607013776900_micit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(96)05087-5","article-title":"Mercury in pilot whales: possible limits to the detoxification process","volume":"186","author":"Caurant","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2026080607013776900_micit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2003.09.003","article-title":"Ecopath with Ecosim: methods, capabilities and limitations","volume":"172","author":"Christensen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ecol Modell"},{"key":"2026080607013776900_micit7","author":"Christensen"},{"key":"2026080607013776900_micit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1139\/f02-137","article-title":"Reconstructing ecosystem dynamics in the central Pacific Ocean, 1952\u20131998. 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