{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T16:11:14Z","timestamp":1791130274204,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4547,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prevalence of asthma increases with increasing dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) levels. However, the effect of early-life exposure, the fundamental window of exposure, is unknown. We assessed the association between prenatal DDE and other organochlorine compounds, and atopy and asthma during infancy. All women presenting for antenatal care in Menorca (Spain) over 12 months starting in mid-1997 were invited to take part in a longitudinal study; 482 children were subsequently enrolled, and 468 (97.1%) provided complete outcome data up to the fourth year of study. Prenatal exposure of organochlorine compounds was measured in cord serum in 405 (83%) children. Asthma was defined on the basis of wheezing at 4 years of age, persistent wheezing, or doctor-diagnosed asthma. We measured specific immunoglobulin-E (IgE) against house dust mite, cat, and grass in sera extracted at 4 years of age. DDE (median = 1.03 ng\/mL) was detected in all children, as well as hexachlorobenzene (0.68 ng\/mL) and polychlorobiphenyls (0.69 ng\/mL). Wheezing at 4 years of age increased with DDE concentration, particularly at the highest quartile [9% in the lowest quartile (&amp;lt; 0.57 ng\/mL) vs. 19% in the highest quartile (1.90 ng\/mL); relative risk = 2.63 (95% confidence interval 1.19\u20134.69), adjusting for maternal asthma, breast-feeding, education, social class, or other organochlorines]. The association was not modified by IgE sensitization and occurred with the same strength among nonatopic subjects and among those with persistent wheezing or diagnosed asthma. DDE was not associated with atopy alone. Prenatal exposure to DDE residues may contribute to development of asthma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,18]],"date-time":"2005-07-18T16:16:02Z","timestamp":1121703362000},"page":"1787-1790","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Prenatal Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and Asthma in Children"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Jordi","family":"Sunyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat Recerca Respirat\u00f2ria i Ambiental, Institut Municipal d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 M\u00e8dica, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maties","family":"Torrent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area de Salud de Menorca, IB-SALUT, Menorca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat Recerca Respirat\u00f2ria i Ambiental, Institut Municipal d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 M\u00e8dica, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N\u00faria","family":"Ribas-Fit\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat Recerca Respirat\u00f2ria i Ambiental, Institut Municipal d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 M\u00e8dica, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Carrizo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Chemistry, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Grimalt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Chemistry, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep M.","family":"Ant\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat Recerca Respirat\u00f2ria i Ambiental, Institut Municipal d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 M\u00e8dica, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Cullinan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01855862","article-title":"Effects of sub-chronic DDT exposure on humoral and cell mediated immune response in albino rats","volume":"39","author":"Banarjee","year":"1987","journal-title":"Bull Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01855861","article-title":"Subchronic effects of DDT exposure on humoral immune response to a thymus independent antigen in mice","volume":"39","author":"Banarjee","year":"1987","journal-title":"Bull Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.4.379","article-title":"Prospective study of post-menopausal hormone use and newly diagnosed asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"164","author":"Barr","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.5885","article-title":"Health impacts of pesticide exposure in a cohort outdoor workers","volume":"111","author":"Beard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6433","article-title":"In vitro activation of cord serum mononuclear cells and cytokine production in a remote coastal population exposed to organochlorines and methyl mercury","volume":"111","author":"Bilrha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199010113231505","article-title":"Eosinophilic inflammation in asthma","volume":"323","author":"Bousquet","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0908.030082","article-title":"Nonmalarial infant deaths and DDT use for malaria control","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6892","article-title":"Associations between plasma DDE levels and immunologic measures in African-American farmers in North Carolina","volume":"112","author":"Cooper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7255","article-title":"Acute infections and environmental exposure to organochlorines in Inuit infants from Nunavik","volume":"112","author":"Dallaire","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1080\/00039890209602086","article-title":"Associations of DDT and DDE blood levels with plasma IL-4","volume":"57","author":"Daniel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00006703","article-title":"Dietary factors associated with wheezing and allergic rhinitis in children","volume":"22","author":"Farchi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1095292","article-title":"Living with the past: evolution, development, and patterns of disease","volume":"305","author":"Gluckman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.5.2106074","article-title":"Chemical predictors of wheeze among farmer pesticide applicators in the agricultural health study","volume":"165","author":"Hoppin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1159\/000074904","article-title":"Allergen skin test reaction patterns in children (\u2264 10 years old) from atopic families suggest age-dependent changes in allergen-IgE binding in early life","volume":"132","author":"Jackola","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2003.00488.x","article-title":"Atopic manifestations, breastfeeding protection and the adverse effect of DDE","volume":"17","author":"Karmaus","year":"2003","journal-title":"Paediatric Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1080\/00039890109602896","article-title":"Infections and atopic disorders in childhood and organochlorine exposure","volume":"56","author":"Karmaus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"2026080607094892800_micit17","first-page":"62","article-title":"Decreased lymphocyte responses in free-ranging bottlenose dolphins are associated with increased concentrations of PCBs and DDT in peripheral blood","volume":"103","author":"Lahvis","year":"1985","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036030","article-title":"The measurement of social class in epidemiology","volume":"10","author":"Liberatos","year":"1988","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/62.1.71","article-title":"Suppression of allergic immune responses to house dust mite (HDM) in rats exposed to 2,3,7,8-TCDD","volume":"62","author":"Luebke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199501193320301","article-title":"Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life","volume":"332","author":"Martinez","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"suppl 5","key":"2026080607094892800_micit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107s5783","article-title":"The role of the immune system in hexachlorobenzene-induced toxicity","volume":"107","author":"Michielsen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.196.89","article-title":"Developmental neurotoxicity following prenatal exposures to methylmercury and PCBs in humans from epidemiological studies","volume":"196","author":"Nakai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit23","first-page":"31","article-title":"Respiratory involvement and immune status in yusho patients","volume":"59","author":"Nakanishi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334403255516","article-title":"Breastfeeding, asthma, and atopic disease: an epidemiological review of the literature","volume":"19","author":"Oddy","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hum Lact"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080607094892800_micit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200310-1348OC","article-title":"A prospective study of Fel d1 and Der p1 exposure in infancy and childhood wheezing","volume":"170","author":"Polk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00199070","article-title":"Effect of DDT on the immune system in Swiss albino mice during adults and perinatal exposure: humoral responses","volume":"48","author":"Rehana","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bull Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit27","first-page":"895","article-title":"Cord serum immunoglobulin E related to environmental contamination of human placentas with organochlorinate compounds","volume":"107","author":"Reichrtova","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.S1.247","article-title":"Evidence of effects of environmental chemicals on the endocrine system in children","volume":"112","author":"Rogan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(00)00450-1","article-title":"Levels of hexachlorobenzene and other organochlorine compounds in cord serum: exposure across placenta","volume":"43","author":"Sala","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1159\/000024312","article-title":"Beta-estradiol suppresses T cell-mediated hypersensitivity through suppression of antigen-presenting cell function and Th1 induction","volume":"121","author":"Salem","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.56.11.813","article-title":"Persistent organic chemicals in the US food supply","volume":"56","author":"Shafer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110595","article-title":"Immunologic biomarkers in relation to exposure markers of PCBs and dioxins in Flemish adolescents (Belgium)","volume":"110","author":"Van Den Heuvel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.1.53","article-title":"Plasma DDE and immune response","volume":"153","author":"Vine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.001081203","article-title":"Immunologic effects of background exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins in Dutch preschool children","volume":"108","author":"Weisglas-Kuperus","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199509000-00022","article-title":"Immunologic effects of background prenatal and postnatal exposure to dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls in Dutch infants","volume":"38","author":"Weisglas-Kuperus","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2026080607094892800_micit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16095-9","article-title":"Uganda considers DDT to protect homes from malaria. Health officials claim DDE will help save money, but critics warn of environmental costs","volume":"363","author":"Wendo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Environmental Health Perspectives"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-pdf\/113\/12\/1787\/66434573\/ehp.8127.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-pdf\/113\/12\/1787\/66434573\/ehp.8127.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T13:50:40Z","timestamp":1786629040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1289\/ehp.8127"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,18]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.8127","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-6765","1552-9924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-6765","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-9924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,18]]}}}