{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:43:02Z","timestamp":1786632182776,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4460,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>U.S. studies have reported an increased risk of esophageal and some other cancers in dry cleaners exposed to tetrachloroethylene. We investigated whether the U.S. findings could be reproduced in the Nordic countries using a series of case\u2013control studies nested in cohorts of laundry and dry-cleaning workers identified from the 1970 censuses in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finland. Dry-cleaning work in the Nordic countries during the period when tetrachloroethylene was the dominant solvent was not associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer [rate ratio (RR) = 0.76; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34\u20131.69], but our study was hampered by some unclassifiable cases. The risks of cancer of the gastric cardia, liver, pancreas, and kidney and non-Hodgkin lymphoma were not significantly increased. Assistants in dry-cleaning shops had a borderline significant excess risk of cervical cancer not found in women directly involved in dry cleaning. We found an excess risk of bladder cancer (RR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.07\u20131.93) not associated with length of employment. The finding of no excess risk of esophageal cancer in Nordic dry cleaners differs from U.S. findings. Chance, differences in level of exposure to tetrachloroethylene, and confounding may explain the findings. The overall evidence on bladder cancer in dry cleaners is equivocal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,13]],"date-time":"2005-10-13T14:39:17Z","timestamp":1129214357000},"page":"213-219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Cancer in Persons Working in Dry Cleaning in the Nordic Countries"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Elsebeth","family":"Lynge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aage","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Rylander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e5kan","family":"Tinnerberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marja-Liisa","family":"Lindbohm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eero","family":"Pukkala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e5l","family":"Romundstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 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