{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:35:37Z","timestamp":1791315337467,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4348,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>High cadmium exposure is known to cause bone damage, but the association between low-level cadmium exposure and osteoporosis remains to be clarified. Using a population-based women\u2019s health survey in southern Sweden [Women\u2019s Health in the Lund Area (WHILA)] with no known historical cadmium contamination, we investigated cadmium-related effects on bone in 820 women (53\u201364 years of age). We measured cadmium in blood and urine and lead in blood, an array of markers of bone metabolism, and forearm bone mineral density (BMD). Associations were evaluated in multiple linear regression analysis including information on the possible confounders or effect modifiers: weight, menopausal status, use of hormone replacement therapy, age at menarche, alcohol consumption, smoking history, and physical activity. Median urinary cadmium was 0.52 \u03bcg\/L adjusted to density (0.67 \u03bcg\/g creatinine). After multivariate adjustment, BMD, parathyroid hormone, and urinary deoxypyridinoline (U-DPD) were adversely associated with concentrations of urinary cadmium (p &amp;lt; 0.05) in all subjects. These associations persisted in the group of never-smokers, which had the lowest cadmium exposure (mainly dietary). For U-DPD, there was a significant interaction between cadmium and menopause (p = 0.022). Our results suggest negative effects of low-level cadmium exposure on bone, possibly exerted via increased bone resorption, which seemed to be intensified after menopause. Based on the prevalence of osteoporosis and the low level of exposure, the observed effects, although slight, should be considered as early signals of potentially more adverse health effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,2]],"date-time":"2006-02-02T13:46:41Z","timestamp":1138888001000},"page":"830-834","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":288,"title":["Cadmium-Induced Effects on Bone in a Population-Based Study of Women"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Agneta","family":"\u00c5kesson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Bjellerup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lundh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Lidfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health, Malm\u00f6 University Hospital, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Nerbrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6ran","family":"Samsioe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Staffan","family":"Skerfving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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