{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:18:23Z","timestamp":1792005503275,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4180,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fine particulate matter (FPM) in ambient air causes premature mortality due to cardiac disease in susceptible populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our objective in this study was to determine the most influential FPM components.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A mouse model of atherosclerosis (ApoE\u2212\/\u2212) was exposed to either filtered air or concentrated FPM (CAPs) in Tuxedo, New York (85 \u03bcg\/m3 average, 6 hr\/day, 5 days\/week, for 6 months), and the FPM elemental composition was determined for each day. We also examined associations between PM components and mortality for two population studies: National Mortality and Morbidity Air Pollution Study (NMMAPS) and Hong Kong.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For the CAPs-exposed mice, the average of nickel was 43 ng\/m3, but on 14 days, there were Ni peaks at ~ 175 ng\/m3 and unusually low FPM and vanadium. For those days, back-trajectory analyses identified a remote Ni point source. Electrocardiographic measurements on CAPs-exposed and sham-exposed mice showed Ni to be significantly associated with acute changes in heart rate and its variability. In NMMAPS, daily mortality rates in the 60 cities with recent speciation data were significantly associated with average Ni and V, but not with other measured species. Also, the Hong Kong sulfur intervention produced sharp drops in sulfur dioxide, Ni, and V, but not other components, corresponding to the intervention-related reduction in cardiovascular and pulmonary mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Known biological mechanisms cannot account for the significant associations between Ni with the acute cardiac function changes in the mice or with cardiovascular mortality in people at low ambient air concentrations; therefore, further research is needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,20]],"date-time":"2006-07-20T13:22:08Z","timestamp":1153401728000},"page":"1662-1669","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":304,"title":["Cardiovascular Effects of Nickel in Ambient Air"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Morton","family":"Lippmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University School of Medicine, Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University School of Medicine, Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing-Shiang","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Polina","family":"Maciejczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University School of Medicine, Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lung-Chi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University School of Medicine, Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080522012415800_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/64.2.243","article-title":"Cardiovascular and thermoregulatory effects of inhaled PM-associated transition metals: A potential interaction between nickel and vanadium sulfate","volume":"64","author":"Campen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2026080522012415800_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370590912789","article-title":"Effects of subchronic exposures to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) in mice. IV. Characterization of acute and chronic effects of ambient air fine particulate matter exposures on heart-rate variability","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"key":"2026080522012415800_micit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370590912815","article-title":"Effects of subchronic exposures to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) in mice. V. CAPs exacerbate aortic plaque development in hyperlipidemic mice","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"key":"2026080522012415800_micit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8190","article-title":"The association between fatal coronary heart disease and ambient particulate air pollution: are females at greater risk?","volume":"113","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080522012415800_micit5","author":"Clean Air Act Amendments"},{"key":"2026080522012415800_micit6","author":"Costa"},{"key":"2026080522012415800_micit7","first-page":"235","article-title":"Mortality of nickel workers: experience of men working with metallic nickel","volume":"38","author":"Cox","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"2026080522012415800_micit8","author":"Cuckle"},{"key":"2026080522012415800_micit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S1040-8428(01)00214-1","article-title":"Nickel essentiality, toxicity, and carcinogenicity","volume":"42","author":"Denkhaus","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"2026080522012415800_micit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312093292401","article-title":"An association between air pollution and mortality in six US cities","volume":"329","author":"Dockery","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080522012415800_micit11","first-page":"102","article-title":"Cancer of the lung and nasal sinuses in nickel workers: a reassessment of the period risk","volume":"34","author":"Doll","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"2026080522012415800_micit12","author":"Dominici"},{"key":"2026080522012415800_micit13","author":"Energy Information Administration"},{"key":"2026080522012415800_micit14","first-page":"925","article-title":"Mortality among workers in a nickel refinery and alloy manufacturing plant in West Virginia","volume":"68","author":"Enterline","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2026080522012415800_micit15","author":"Ghio"},{"key":"2026080522012415800_micit16","first-page":"799","article-title":"A long-term mortality study of workers occupationally exposed to metallic nickel at the Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant","volume":"21","author":"Godbold","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"2026080522012415800_micit17","first-page":"275","article-title":"Single and multiple early afterdepolarization caused by nickel in rat atrial muscle","volume":"22","author":"Golovko","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gen Physiol Biophys"},{"key":"2026080522012415800_micit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370590912851","article-title":"Effects of subchronic exposures to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) in mice. 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Integral assessment and human health implications of subchronic exposures of mice to CAPs","volume":"17","author":"Lippmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"key":"2026080522012415800_micit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8091","article-title":"PM source apportionment for short-term cardiac function changes in ApoE\u2212\/\u2212 mice","volume":"113","author":"Lippmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026080522012415800_micit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370590912914","article-title":"Effects of subchronic exposures to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) in mice. VIII. 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