{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:10:30Z","timestamp":1790712630826,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3727,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Vietnam, shigellosis\/dysentery, typhoid fever, and cholera are important enteric diseases. To better understand their epidemiology, we determined temporal trends, seasonal patterns, and climatic factors associated with high risk periods in eight regions across Vietnam.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We quantified monthly cases and incidence rates (IR) for each region from national surveillance data (1991\u20132001). High- and low-disease periods were defined from the highest and lowest IRs (1 SD above and below the mean) and from outbreaks from positive outliers (4 SDs higher in 1 month or 2 SDs higher in \u2265 2 consecutive months). We used general linear models to compare precipitation, temperature, and humidity between high- and low-risk periods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Shigellosis\/dysentery was widespread and increased 2.5 times during the study period, with the highest average IRs found between June and August (2.1\/100,000\u201326.2\/100,000). Typhoid fever was endemic in the Mekong River Delta and emerged in the Northwest in the mid-1990s, with peaks between April and August (0.38\u20138.6). Cholera was mostly epidemic along the central coast between May and November (0.07\u20132.7), and then decreased dramatically nationwide from 1997 onward. Significant climate differences were found only between high- and low-disease periods. We were able to define 4 shigellosis\/dysentery, 14 typhoid fever, and 8 cholera outbreaks, with minimal geotemporal overlap and no significant climatic associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Vietnam, bacterial enteric diseases have distinct temporal trends and seasonal patterns. Climate plays a role in defining high- and low-disease periods, but it does not appear to be an important factor influencing outbreaks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,15]],"date-time":"2007-10-15T15:11:23Z","timestamp":1192461083000},"page":"7-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Temporal Trends and Climatic Factors Associated with Bacterial Enteric Diseases in Vietnam, 1991\u20132001"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Louise A.","family":"Kelly-Hope","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wladimir J.","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vu Dinh","family":"Thiem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Do Gia","family":"Canh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dang Duc","family":"Anh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyejon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2026080312091838500_micit1","first-page":"856","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella spp isolated from diarrheal patients between 1989 and 1998 in Vietnam","volume":"32","author":"Anh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"issue":"9487","key":"2026080312091838500_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67181-4","article-title":"Typhoid and paratyphoid fever","volume":"366","author":"Bhan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026080312091838500_micit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471722235","volume-title":"Fourier Analysis of Time Series: An Introduction","author":"Bloomfield","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026080312091838500_micit4","volume-title":"Under the Weather: Climate, Ecosystems, and Infectious Disease","author":"Burke","year":"2001"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026080312091838500_micit5","first-page":"346","article-title":"The global burden of typhoid fever","volume":"82","author":"Crump","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull WHO"},{"key":"2026080312091838500_micit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.3.734-741.1999","article-title":"Cholera in Vietnam: changes in genotypes and emergence of class I integrons containing aminoglycoside resistance gene cassettes in Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated from 1979 to 1996","volume":"37","author":"Dalsgaard","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"21","key":"2026080312091838500_micit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.11.044","article-title":"Policymakers\u2019 views regarding the introduction of new-generation vaccines against typhoid fever, shigellosis and cholera in Asia","volume":"23","author":"DeRoeck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2026080312091838500_micit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781482273144","volume-title":"Nonparametric Regression and Spline Smoothing","author":"Eubank","year":"1999"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080312091838500_micit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)01253-8","article-title":"Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Fewtrell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026080312091838500_micit10","unstructured":"General Statistics Office of Vietnam\n          . 2005. 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