{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:01:00Z","timestamp":1790874060693,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3824,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mercury is a pervasive environmental pollutant whose toxic effects have not been studied in sea turtles in spite of their threatened status and evidence of immunosuppression in diseased populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the present study we investigate mercury toxicity in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) by examining trends between blood mercury concentrations and various health parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood was collected from free-ranging turtles, and correlations between blood mercury concentrations and plasma chemistries, complete blood counts, lysozyme, and lymphocyte proliferation were examined. Lymphocytes were also harvested from free-ranging turtles and exposed in vitro to methylmercury to assess proliferative responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood mercury concentrations were positively correlated with hematocrit and creatine phosphokinase activity, and negatively correlated with lymphocyte cell counts and aspartate amino-transferase. Ex vivo negative correlations between blood mercury concentrations and B-cell proliferation were observed in 2001 and 2003 under optimal assay conditions. In vitro exposure of peripheral blood leukocytes to methylmercury resulted in suppression of proliferative responses for B cells (0.1 \u03bcg\/g and 0.35 \u03bcg\/g) and T cells (0.7 \u03bcg\/g).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The positive correlation between blood mercury concentration and hematocrit reflects the higher affinity of mercury species for erythrocytes than plasma, and demonstrates the importance of measuring hematocrit when analyzing whole blood for mercury. In vitro immunosuppression occurred at methylmercury concentrations that correspond to approximately 5% of the individuals captured in the wild. This observation and the negative correlation found ex vivo between mercury and lymphocyte numbers and mercury and B-cell proliferative responses suggests that subtle negative impacts of mercury on sea turtle immune function are possible at concentrations observed in the wild.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,17]],"date-time":"2007-09-17T13:03:57Z","timestamp":1190034237000},"page":"1421-1428","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["Relationship of Blood Mercury Levels to Health Parameters in the Loggerhead Sea Turtle (\n                    <i>Caretta caretta<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Rusty D.","family":"Day","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina, USA"},{"name":"College of Charleston, Grice Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Al L.","family":"Segars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Charleston, Grice Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina, USA"},{"name":"South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Marine Resources Division, Charleston, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Arendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Marine Resources Division, Charleston, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Michelle","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Charleston, Grice Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margie M.","family":"Peden-Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Charleston, Grice Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Science Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Mystic Aquarium and Institute for Exploration, Mystic, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080504044144300_micit1","article-title":"A Survey of the Occurrence of Mercury in the Fishery Resources of the Gulf of Mexico","author":"Ache","year":"2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080504044144300_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(96)03340-9","article-title":"Influence of dietary protein levels on the acute toxicity of methylmercury in mice","volume":"112","author":"Adachi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026080504044144300_micit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1086\/physzool.68.5.30163934","article-title":"Adrenal and hematological responses to stress in juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas) with and without fibropapillomas","volume":"68","author":"Aguirre","year":"1995","journal-title":"Physiol Zool"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026080504044144300_micit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2802","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620201220","article-title":"Trace element accumulation in hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) and green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from Yaeyama Islands, Japan","volume":"20","author":"Anan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2026080504044144300_micit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1973.362415x","article-title":"Tissue 203Hg distribution in young Holstein calves after single tracer oral doses in organic and inorganic forms","volume":"36","author":"Ansari","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080504044144300_micit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(88)90042-X","article-title":"Effect of mercuric-chloride on microbicidal activities of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes","volume":"50","author":"Baginski","year":"1988","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"2026080504044144300_micit7","article-title":"Research Plan for Marine Turtle Fibropapilloma. 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