{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:36:06Z","timestamp":1786631766410,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3909,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inadequate sun exposure and dietary vitamin D intake can result in vitamin D insufficiency. However, limited data are available on actual vitamin D status and predictors in healthy individuals in different regions and by season.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We compared vitamin D status [25-hydroxyvitamin D; 25(OH)D] in people &amp;lt; 60 years of age using data from cross-sectional studies of three regions across Australia: southeast Queensland (27\u00b0S; 167 females and 211 males), Geelong region (38\u00b0S; 561 females), and Tasmania (43\u00b0S; 432 females and 298 males).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (\u2264 50 nmol\/L) in women in winter\/spring was 40.5% in southeast Queensland, 37.4% in the Geelong region, and 67.3% in Tasmania. Season, simulated maximum daily duration of vitamin D synthesis, and vitamin D effective daily dose each explained around 14% of the variation in 25(OH)D. Although latitude explained only 3.9% of the variation, a decrease in average 25(OH)D of 1.0 (95% confidence interval, 0.7\u20131.3) nmol\/L for every degree increase in latitude may be clinically relevant. In some months, we found a high insufficiency or even deficiency when sun exposure protection would be recommended on the basis of the simulated ultraviolet index.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D insufficiency is common over a wide latitude range in Australia. Season appears to be more important than latitude, but both accounted for less than one-fifth of the variation in serum 25(OH)D levels, highlighting the importance of behavioral factors. Current sun exposure guidelines do not seem to fully prevent vitamin D insufficiency, and consideration should be given to their modification or to pursuing other means to achieve vitamin D adequacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,17]],"date-time":"2007-04-17T12:38:47Z","timestamp":1176813527000},"page":"1132-1139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":185,"title":["The High Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency across Australian Populations Is Only Partly Explained by Season and Latitude"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Ingrid A.F.","family":"van der Mei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Louise","family":"Ponsonby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia"},{"name":"Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ola","family":"Engelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Pasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Melbourne, Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daryl W.","family":"Eyles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leigh","family":"Blizzard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terence","family":"Dwyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia"},{"name":"Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graeme","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2026080504035165000_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2003536","article-title":"Vitamin D status of middle-aged women at 65\u201371\u00b0N in relation to dietary intake and exposure to ultraviolet radiation","volume":"7","author":"Brustad","year":"2004","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"2026080504035165000_micit2","unstructured":"Cancer Council Australia\n          . 2007. 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