{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:38:40Z","timestamp":1791297520000,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Health Perspect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,28]],"date-time":"2008-11-28T15:21:46Z","timestamp":1227885706000},"page":"668-674","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":426,"title":["Acute Effects of Air Pollution on Pulmonary Function, Airway Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Asthmatic Children"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Ling","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Poon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Maria","family":"Frescura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Montuschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Ciabattoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Dales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20140410110318256_b1-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.3.7663792","article-title":"Standardization of spirometry: 1994 update","volume":"152","author":"American Thoracic Society.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b2-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200406-710ST","article-title":"ATS\/ERS recommendations for standardized procedures for the online and offline measurement of exhaled lower respiratory nitric oxide and nasal nitric oxide","volume":"171","author":"American Thoracic Society.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b3-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.56.6.456","article-title":"Increased nitric oxide metabolites in exhaled breath condensate after exposure to tobacco smoke","volume":"56","author":"Balint","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b4-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.3.8630571","article-title":"Ozone-induced decrements in FEV1 and FVC do not correlate with measures of inflammation","volume":"153","author":"Balmes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b5-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.6.505","article-title":"Cysteinyl leukotrienes and 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate of children with asthma exacerbations","volume":"58","author":"Baraldi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b6-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.032458","article-title":"Experimental exposure to wood smoke: effects on airway inflammation and oxidative stress","volume":"65","author":"Barregard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b7-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5037.2006.00171.x","article-title":"Secretion rate and amylase concentration of whole saliva after consumption of beer","volume":"4","author":"Brand","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Dent Hygiene"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b8-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200108-007OC","article-title":"Air pollution from traffic and the development of respiratory infections and asthmatic and allergic symptoms in children","volume":"166","author":"Brauer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b9-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1080\/00039899909602248","article-title":"Effects of particulate and gaseous air pollution on cardiorespiratory hospitalizations","volume":"54","author":"Burnett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b10-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8506","article-title":"The effect of inhaled chromium on different exhaled breath condensates biomarkers among chrome-plate workers","volume":"114","author":"Caglieri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b11-ehp-117-668","volume-title":"Respiratory Disease in Canada Ottawa","author":"Canadian Institute for Health Information.","year":"2001"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b12-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00022203","article-title":"Increased inflammatory markers in the exhaled breath condensate of cigarette smokers","volume":"21","author":"Carpagnano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b13-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200611-1627OC","article-title":"The effect of urban air pollution on inflammation, oxidative stress, coagulation, and autonomic dysfunction in young adults","volume":"176","author":"Chuang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b14-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6815","article-title":"Association of FEV1 in asthmatic children with personal and microenvironmental exposure to airborne particulate matter","volume":"112","author":"Delfino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b15-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9141","article-title":"Personal and ambient air pollution is associated with increased exhaled nitric oxide in children with asthma","volume":"114","author":"Delfino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b16-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10911","article-title":"Personal and ambient air pollution exposures and lung function decrements in children with asthma","volume":"116","author":"Delfino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b17-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.17.5.2749","article-title":"Epithelial injury induced by exposure to residual oil fly-ash particles: role of reactive oxygen species","volume":"17","author":"Dye","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b18-ehp-117-668","first-page":"16","article-title":"The effect of ambient air pollution on respiratory health of school children: a panel study","volume-title":"Environ Health","author":"Epton","year":"2008"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b19-ehp-117-668","first-page":"73","article-title":"Effects of ozone on normal and potentially sensitive human subjects. Part III: Mediators of inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from nonsmokers, smokers, and asthmatic subjects exposed to ozone: a collaborative study","volume":"78","author":"Frampton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Res Rep Health Eff Inst"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b20-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.6.9196122","article-title":"Acute effects of summer air pollution on respiratory health of asthmatic children","volume":"155","author":"Gielen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b21-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7108","article-title":"Exhaled breath condensate as a suitable matrix to assess lung dose and effects in workers exposed to cobalt and tungsten","volume":"112","author":"Goldoni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"key20140410110318256_b22-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/57.5.715S","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation: its mechanism, measurement, and significance","volume":"57","author":"Halliwell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b23-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(81)80114-7","article-title":"Formation of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substance from deoxyribose in the presence of iron salts: the role of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals","volume":"128","author":"Halliwell","year":"1981","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b24-ehp-117-668","first-page":"188","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation: a radical chain reaction","volume-title":"Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine","author":"Halliwell","year":"1989"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b25-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.1.9712108","article-title":"Spirometric reference values from a sample of the general U.S. population","volume":"159","author":"Hankinson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b26-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00029705","article-title":"Exhaled breath condensate: methodological recommendations and unresolved questions","volume":"26","author":"Horvath","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b27-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.2.8306055","article-title":"Oxidative epithelial damage produces hyperresponsiveness of human peripheral airways","volume":"149","author":"Hulsmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b28-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(90)90131-2","article-title":"Malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid-reactivity as diagnostic indices of lipid peroxidation and peroxidative tissue injury","volume":"9","author":"Janero","year":"1990","journal-title":"Free Rad Biol Med"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b29-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02762.x","article-title":"Airway cell and cytokine changes in early asthma deterioration after inhaled corticosteroid reduction","volume":"37","author":"Khor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Allergy"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b30-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8899","article-title":"The spontaneously hypertensive rat as a model of human cardiovascular disease: evidence of exacerbated cardiopulmonary injury and oxidative stress from inhaled emission particulate matter","volume":"164","author":"Kodavanti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b31-ehp-117-668","first-page":"821","article-title":"Direct and indirect costs of asthma in Canada, 1990","volume":"154","author":"Krahn","year":"1996","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b32-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950160105","article-title":"Spirometry in the asthmatic child: is FEF25\u201375 a more sensitive test than FEV1\/FVC?","volume":"16","author":"Lebecque","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b33-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.067868","article-title":"Increased alveolar nitric oxide concentration and high levels of leukotriene B4 and 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate in patients with asbestosis","volume":"62","author":"Lehtonen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b34-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7883","article-title":"Exhaled nitric oxide in children with asthma and short-term PM2.5 exposure in Seattle","volume":"113","author":"Mar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b35-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(03)00045-8","article-title":"Oxidative damage of sulfur dioxide inhalation on lungs and hearts of mice","volume":"93","author":"Meng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b36-ehp-117-668","volume-title":"New Perspectives in Monitoring Lung Inflammation: Analysis of Exhaled Breath Condensate","author":"Montuschi","year":"2005"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b37-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.3.2001063","article-title":"Exhaled 8-Isoprostane as an in vivo biomarker of lung oxidative stress in patients with COPD and healthy smokers","volume":"162","author":"Montuschi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b38-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)01084-5","article-title":"Ozone-induced increase in exhaled 8-isoprostane in healthy subjects is resistant to inhaled budesonide","volume":"33","author":"Montuschi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Free Rad Biol Med"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b39-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-003-1212-6","article-title":"Validation of 8-isoprostane and prostaglandin E2 measurements in exhaled breath condensate","volume":"52","author":"Montuschi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b40-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9383","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.23.9383","article-title":"A series of prostaglandin F2-like compounds are produced in vivo in humans by a non-cyclooxygenase, free radical-catalyzed mechanism","volume":"87","author":"Morrow","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b41-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.45.766","article-title":"8-Isoprostane and leukotriene in exhaled breath condensate in Czech subjects with silicosis","volume":"49","author":"Pelclov\u00e1","year":"2007","journal-title":"Industrial Health"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b42-ehp-117-668","first-page":"234","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of nitrogen dioxide induced epithelial injury in the lung","author":"Persinger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Molecular Cell Biochem"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b43-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfh122","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine prevents lung inflammation after short-term inhalation exposure to concentrated ambient particles","volume":"79","author":"Rhoden","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b44-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.004","article-title":"Exhaled breath malondialdehyde as a marker of effect of exposure to air pollution in children with asthma","volume":"121","author":"Romieu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b45-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500112","article-title":"Air pollution, aeroallergens and cardiorespiratory emergency department visits in Saint John, Canada","volume":"10","author":"Stieb","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b46-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.52.9.760","article-title":"Urban air pollution and emergency admissions for asthma in four European cities: the APHEA Project","volume":"52","author":"Sunyer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"key20140410110318256_b47-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109s3381","article-title":"Air pollution and respiratory symptoms: results from three panel studies in Bangkok, Thailand","volume":"109","author":"Vichit-Vadakan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b48-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-6-40","article-title":"Outdoor air pollution and emergency department visits for asthma among children and adults: a case-crossover study in northern Alberta, Canada","volume":"6","author":"Villeneuve","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b49-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.08.029","article-title":"Serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances predict cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary artery disease: a longitudinal analysis of the PREVENT study","volume":"44","author":"Walter","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b50-ehp-117-668","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0211067","article-title":"A tale of two cities: effects of air pollution on hospital admissions in Hong Kong and London compared","volume":"110","author":"Wong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"key20140410110318256_b51-ehp-117-668","first-page":"232","article-title":"Assay for serum lipid peroxide level and its clinical significance","volume-title":"Lipidperoxide in Biology and Medicine","author":"Yagi","year":"1982"}],"container-title":["Environmental Health Perspectives"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ehp.niehs.nih.gov\/11813","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T21:34:58Z","timestamp":1778794498000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/evhpaz\/EHP-legacy-content"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,28]]},"references-count":51,"aliases":["10.1289\/ehp11813","10.1289\/ehp11813","10.1289\/ehp11813"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1289\/ehp.11813"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.11813","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-6765"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-6765","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,28]]}}}