{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:35:00Z","timestamp":1789580100635,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Health Perspect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1289\/ehp11872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T11:58:01Z","timestamp":1693396681000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Prenatal Exposure to Toxic Metals and Neural Tube Defects: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6056-923X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren A.","family":"Eaves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-Chapel Hill), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giehae","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenna C.M.","family":"Sill\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca C.","family":"Fry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-Chapel Hill), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessie P.","family":"Buckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander P.","family":"Keil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-062012-170354"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Updated estimates of neural tube defects prevented by mandatory folic acid fortification\u2014United States, 1995\u20132011","volume":"64","author":"Williams J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Williams J, Mai CT, Mulinare J, Isenburg J, Flood TJ, Ethen M, et\u00a0al. 2015. Updated estimates of neural tube defects prevented by mandatory folic acid fortification\u2014United States, 1995\u20132011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 64(1):1\u20135, PMID: 25590678.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70110-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1589"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-019-0152-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/intox-2014-0009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"OEHHA (Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment). 2022. The Proposition 65 List. https:\/\/oehha.ca.gov\/proposition-65\/proposition-65-list [accessed 10 April 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10937404.2014.884956"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-012-0074-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2011.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.111.072314"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2018.07.081"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307893"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307175"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.ED000142"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","unstructured":"WHO (World Health Organization). 2019. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision . https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse10\/2019\/en [accessed 18 May 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2012.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23594"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-021-00752-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106425"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2020.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cga.12363"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105688"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1408064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1441280"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2636-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12891\/ceog4378.2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2018.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2016.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110505208"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-955"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2013.04.001"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","first-page":"369","article-title":"The relationship of aluminium and silver to neural tube defects; a case control","volume":"22","author":"Ram\u00edrez-Altamirano MdeJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez-Altamirano MdeJ, Fenton-Navarro P, Sivet-Chi\u00f1as E, Harp-Iturribarria FdeM, Mart\u00ednez-Cruz R, Cruz PH, et\u00a0al. 2012. The relationship of aluminium and silver to neural tube defects; a case control. Iran J Pediatr 22(3):369\u2013374, PMID: 23400307.","journal-title":"Iran J Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/e236"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","first-page":"675","article-title":"Serum copper and zinc levels in mothers and cord blood of their newborn infants with neural tube defects: a case\u2013control study","volume":"46","author":"Zeyrek D","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zeyrek D, Soran M, Cakmak A, Kocyigit A, Iscan A. 2009. Serum copper and zinc levels in mothers and cord blood of their newborn infants with neural tube defects: a case\u2013control study. Indian Pediatr 46(8):675\u2013680, PMID: 19430086.","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2004.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2004.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/BTER:97:3:225"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.82.1.50"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-993887"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0890-6238(98)00058-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","first-page":"34","article-title":"Impact of social factors and heavy metal pollution on the incidence of anencephaly at the eastern coast of Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela","volume":"15","author":"Romero RA","year":"1998","unstructured":"Romero RA, Salgado O, Marcano L. 1998. Impact of social factors and heavy metal pollution on the incidence of anencephaly at the eastern coast of Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela. Trace Elem Electroly 15(1):34\u201338.","journal-title":"Trace Elem Electroly"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.76.2.107"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","first-page":"7","article-title":"Levels of Hg, Pb and V in brain, kidney, liver and lung of anencephalic fetuses from the eastern coast of Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela","volume":"13","author":"Tah\u00e1n JE","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tah\u00e1n JE, Barrios LC, Marcano L, Granadillo VA, Cubill\u00e1n HS, S\u00e1nchez JM, et\u00a0al. 1996. Levels of Hg, Pb and V in brain, kidney, liver and lung of anencephalic fetuses from the eastern coast of Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela. Trace Elem Electroly 13(1):7\u201313.","journal-title":"Trace Elem Electroly"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.2012.45.6.353"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","unstructured":"FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). 2022. FDA Guidance Documents: Drugs. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/guidance-compliance-regulatory-information\/guidances-drugs [accessed 7 June 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","unstructured":"Davis JA Kopylev L Gift J. 2018. Quantitative meta-analytical approaches for the analysis of animal toxicology and epidemiologic data in human health risk assessments. In: 2018 Society for Risk Analysis Annual Meeting. 2\u20136 December 2018. New Orleans LA: Society for Risk Analysis Abstract WS-D.1."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","unstructured":"National Toxicology Program. 2019. Handbook for Conducting Systematic Reviews for Health Effects Evaluations. https:\/\/ntp.niehs.nih.gov\/whatwestudy\/assessments\/noncancer\/handbook\/index.html [accessed 10 June 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","unstructured":"WHO. 2021. Framework for the use of systematic review in chemical risk assessment. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240034488 [accessed 10 June 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205397"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199911113412006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wdev.71"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.2012.45.6.344"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1204952"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","unstructured":"FDA. 2004. FDA\/EPA 2004 Advice on What You Need to Know About Mercury in Fish and Shellfish. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/metals-and-your-food\/fdaepa-2004-advice-what-you-need-know-about-mercury-fish-and-shellfish [accessed 9 June 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","unstructured":"FDA. 2019. Advice about Eating Fish. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/consumers\/advice-about-eating-fish [accessed 9 June 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","unstructured":"ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 2014. Interaction Profiles for Toxic Substances. https:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/interactionprofiles\/index.html [accessed 10 June 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1907.12150"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","unstructured":"U.S. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2021. Population Surrounding 1 866 Superfund Sites. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/superfund\/population-surrounding-1866-superfund-sites [accessed 14 July 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm283"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000686"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199901000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP7961"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318230e861"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3182319159"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP1239"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2015.45"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108787"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aat1293"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000327"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1996.9934427"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2012.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-008-0348-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23461"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00796830"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.83.2.200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.33413"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20407"}],"container-title":["Environmental Health Perspectives"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ehp.niehs.nih.gov\/doi\/pdf\/10.1289\/EHP11872","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T13:52:32Z","timestamp":1786629152000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1289\/EHP11872"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1289\/EHP11872"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp11872","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-6765","1552-9924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-6765","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-9924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"article-number":"086002"}}