{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T22:18:02Z","timestamp":1787955482989,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Epigenetic variability is hypothesized as a regulatory pathway through which prenatal exposures may influence child development and health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We sought to examine the associations of residential proximity to roadways at birth and epigenome-wide DNA methylation. We also assessed associations of differential methylation with child cognitive outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We estimated residential proximity to roadways at birth using a geographic information system (GIS) and cord blood methylation using Illumina\u2019s HumanMethylation450-array in 482 mother\u2013child pairs in Project Viva. We identified individual CpGs associated with residential-proximity-to-roadways at birth using robust linear regression [false\u2009discovery\u2009rate\u2009(FDR)&amp;lt;0.05]. We also estimated association between proximity-to-roadways at birth and methylation of the same sites in blood samples collected at age 7\u201311 y (N=415). We ran the same analyses in the Generation R Study for replication (N=641). In Project Viva, we investigated associations of differential methylation at birth with midchildhood cognition using linear regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Living closer to major roadways at birth was associated with higher cord blood (and\u2014more weakly\u2014midchildhood blood) methylation of four sites in LAMB2. For each halving of residential-proximity-to-major-roadways, we observed a 0.82% increase in DNA methylation at cg05654765 [95% confidence interval (CI): (0.54%, 1.10%)], 0.88% at cg14099457 [95% CI: (0.56%, 1.19%)], 0.19% at cg03732535 [95% CI: (0.11%, 0.28)], and 1.08% at cg02954987 [95% CI: (0.65%, 1.51%)]. Higher cord blood methylation of these sites was associated with lower midchildhood nonverbal cognitive scores. Our results did not replicate in the Generation R Study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our discovery results must be interpreted with caution, given that they were not replicated in a separate cohort. However, living close to major roadways at birth was associated with cord blood methylation of sites in LAMB2\u2014a gene known to be linked to axonal development\u2014in our U.S. cohort. Higher methylation of these sites associated with lower nonverbal cognitive scores at age 7\u201311 y in the same children. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/EHP2034<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp2034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]],"date-time":"2018-09-18T10:42:00Z","timestamp":1537267320000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Residential Proximity to Major Roadways at Birth, DNA Methylation at Birth and Midchildhood, and Childhood Cognitive Test Scores: Project Viva(Massachusetts, USA)"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Cheng","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, , Boston, Massachusetts,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martijn","family":"den Dekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam The Generation R Study Group, , Rotterdam,","place":["Netherlands"]},{"name":"Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, , Rotterdam,","place":["Netherlands"]},{"name":"Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Department of Epidemiology, , Rotterdam,","place":["Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Cardenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, , Boston, Massachusetts,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheryl L.","family":"Rifas-Shiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, , Boston, Massachusetts,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T. 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Chan School of Public Health Department of Environmental Health, , Boston, Massachusetts,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Golareh","family":"Agha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health Department of Environmental Health Sciences, , New York,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria H.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology, , Berkeley, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent A.","family":"Coull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health Department of Biostatistics, , Boston, Massachusetts,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, , Boston, Massachusetts,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Harvard T. 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