{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:20:00Z","timestamp":1791231600954,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":602,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are present in personal, commercial, and industrial products, which are often aerosolized. Current understanding of the deposition, translocation, and health-related impacts of AgNP inhalation is limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We determined a) the deposition and retention of inhaled Ag in the nasal cavity from nose-only exposure; b) the timing for Ag translocation to and retention\/clearance in the olfactory bulb (OB); and c) whether the presence of Ag in the OB affects microglial activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed nose-only to citrate-buffered 20- or 110-nm AgNP (C20 or C110, respectively) or citrate buffer alone for 6 hr. The nasal cavity and OB were examined for the presence of Ag and for biological responses up to 56 days post-exposure (8 weeks).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The highest nasal Ag deposition was observed on Day 0 for both AgNP sizes. Inhalation of aerosolized C20 resulted in rapid translocation of Ag to the OB and in microglial activation at Days 0, 1, and 7. In contrast, inhalation of C110 resulted in a gradual but progressive transport of Ag to and retention in the OB, with a trend for microglial activation to variably be above control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of this study show that after rats experienced a 6-hr inhalation exposure to 20- and 110-nm AgNP at a single point in time, Ag deposition in the nose, the rate of translocation to the brain, and subsequent microglial activation in the OB differed depending on AgNP size and time since exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Citation:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patchin ES, Anderson DS, Silva RM, Uyeminami DL, Scott GM, Guo T, Van Winkle LS, Pinkerton KE. 2016. Size-dependent deposition, translocation, and microglial activation of inhaled silver nanoparticles in the rodent nose and brain. Environ Health Perspect 124:1870\u20131875;\u2002http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1289\/EHP234<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]],"date-time":"2016-05-06T09:24:49Z","timestamp":1462526689000},"page":"1870-1875","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Size-Dependent Deposition, Translocation, and Microglial Activation of Inhaled Silver Nanoparticles in the Rodent Nose and Brain"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Esther Shin","family":"Patchin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health and the Environment, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald S.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health and the Environment, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rona M.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health and the Environment, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale L.","family":"Uyeminami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health and the Environment, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace M.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health and the Environment, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura S.","family":"Van Winkle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health and the Environment, and"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kent E.","family":"Pinkerton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health and the Environment, and"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2026080314103907900_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfv005","article-title":"Influence of particle size on persistence and clearance of aerosolized silver nanoparticles in the rat lung.","volume":"144","author":"Anderson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol 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