{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T09:22:50Z","timestamp":1790500970574,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":541,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Growing evidence suggests that pesticide use may contribute to respiratory symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated the association of currently used pesticides with allergic and non-allergic wheeze among male farmers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the 2005\u20132010 interview data of the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective study of farmers in North Carolina and Iowa, we evaluated the association between allergic and non-allergic wheeze and self-reported use of 78 specific pesticides, reported by \u2265 1% of the 22,134 men interviewed. We used polytomous regression models adjusted for age, BMI, state, smoking, and current asthma, as well as for days applying pesticides and days driving diesel tractors. We defined allergic wheeze as reporting both wheeze and doctor-diagnosed hay fever (n = 1,310, 6%) and non-allergic wheeze as reporting wheeze but not hay fever (n = 3,939, 18%); men without wheeze were the referent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In models evaluating current use of specific pesticides, 19 pesticides were significantly associated (p &amp;lt; 0.05) with allergic wheeze (18 positive, 1 negative) and 21 pesticides with non-allergic wheeze (19 positive, 2 negative); 11 pesticides were associated with both. Seven pesticides (herbicides: 2,4-D and simazine; insecticides: carbaryl, dimethoate, disulfoton, and zeta-cypermethrin; and fungicide pyraclostrobin) had significantly different associations for allergic and non-allergic wheeze. In exposure\u2013response models with up to five exposure categories, we saw evidence of an exposure\u2013response relationship for several pesticides including the commonly used herbicides 2,4-D and glyphosate, the insecticides permethrin and carbaryl, and the rodenticide warfarin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results for farmers implicate several pesticides that are commonly used in agricultural and residential settings with adverse respiratory effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Citation:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hoppin JA, Umbach DM, Long S, London SJ, Henneberger PK, Blair A, Alavanja M, Beane Freeman LE, Sandler DP. 2017. Pesticides are associated with allergic and non-allergic wheeze among male farmers. Environ Health Perspect 125:535\u2013543;\u2002http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1289\/EHP315<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,6]],"date-time":"2016-07-06T08:46:51Z","timestamp":1467794811000},"page":"535-543","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Pesticides are Associated with Allergic and Non-Allergic Wheeze among Male Farmers"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Jane A.","family":"Hoppin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, and"},{"name":"Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Umbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westat, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie J.","family":"London","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul K.","family":"Henneberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Alavanja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E. Beane","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale P.","family":"Sandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080314125771000_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200201000-00015","article-title":"Reliability of reporting on life-style and agricultural factors by a sample of participants in the Agricultural Health Study from Iowa.","volume":"13","author":"Blair","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2026080314125771000_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1985.tb02740.x","article-title":"Asthma 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