{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:42:15Z","timestamp":1786632135348,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long-term ozone (O3) exposure is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but little is known about the associations between O3 and subclinical arterial disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied the longitudinal association of exposure to O3 and progression of key subclinical arterial markers in adults: intima-media thickness of common carotid artery (IMTCCA), carotid plaque (CP) burden, and coronary artery calcification (CAC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CAC was measured one to four times at baseline and at follow-up exams (1999\u20132012) by computed tomography (CT) in 6,619 healthy adults, recruited at age 45\u201384 y without cardiovascular disease (CVD), over a mean of 6.5 y (standard deviation: 3.5 y). IMTCCA and CP burden were quantified in 3,392 participants using carotid artery ultrasound imaging acquired over a mean of 9 y (1.7 y). Over 91% and 89% participants had at least one follow-up IMTCCA and CAC measurement, respectively. Residence-specific O3 concentrations were estimated by a validated spatiotemporal model spanning from 1999 to 2012. This model relied on comprehensive monitoring data and geographical variables to predict individualized long-term average concentrations since baseline. Linear mixed models and logistic regression model were used to evaluate relationships of long-term average exposure to O3 with longitudinal change in IMTCCA, CAC, and CP formation, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mean progression rates of IMTCCA and CAC were 12\u00b10.5\u03bcm and 25\u00b11.4\u2009\u2009Agatston\u2009units\u2009per\u2009year. CP formation was identified in 55% of the subjects. A 3-ppb increase in long-term average O3 exposure was associated with a 5.6-\u03bcm [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4, 9.7] greater increase in IMTCCA over 10 y. A 3-ppb increase in O3 was also associated with new CP formation [odds ratio (OR): 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1, 1.4)] but not CAC progression [\u22128\u2009Agatston\u2009units (95% CI: \u221218, 2)]. Associations were robust in the analysis with extended covariate adjustment, including copollutants, i.e., nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter with diameter &amp;lt;2.5\u03bcm (PM2.5).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over almost a decade of follow-up, outdoor O3 concentrations were associated with increased rate of carotid wall thickness progression and risk of new plaque formation, suggesting arterial injury in this cohort. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/EHP3325<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp3325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T13:40:06Z","timestamp":1557236406000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Ozone and Progression of Subclinical Arterial Disease: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Meng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University at Buffalo Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, , Buffalo, New York,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University at Buffalo RENEW Institute, , Buffalo, New York,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of Washington Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, , Seattle, Washington,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Sampson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington Department of Statistics, , Seattle, Washington,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianne E.","family":"Sheppard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington Department of Biostatistics, , Seattle, Washington,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James H.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Department of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sverre","family":"Vedal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, , Seattle, Washington,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel D.","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, , Seattle, Washington,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2026080511024198800_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001430","article-title":"Fine particulate air pollution and the progression of carotid intima-medial thickness: a prospective cohort study from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis and air pollution","volume":"10","author":"Adar","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2026080511024198800_micit2","unstructured":"EEA (European Environment Agency)\n          . 2011. Air Quality in Europe 2011. Technical Report No 12\/2011. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union."},{"key":"2026080511024198800_micit3","unstructured":"EEA\n          . 2015. Air Pollution Due to Ozone: Health Impacts and Effects of Climate Change. https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/data-and-maps\/indicators\/air-pollution-by-ozone-2\/assessment."},{"key":"2026080511024198800_micit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcha.2015.08.003","article-title":"Carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque represent different adaptive responses to traditional cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"9","author":"Baroncini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026080511024198800_micit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.096164","article-title":"Childhood air pollutant exposure and carotid artery intima-media thickness in young 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Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants. EPA\/600\/R-10\/076F. Washington, DC:U.S. EPA."},{"issue":"A","key":"2026080511024198800_micit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.10.042","article-title":"Development of long-term spatiotemporal models for ambient ozone in six metropolitan regions of the United States: the MESA Air study","volume":"123","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos Environ (1994)"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026080511024198800_micit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq060","article-title":"Effects of personal exposure to particulate matter and ozone on arterial stiffness and heart rate variability in healthy adults","volume":"171","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080511024198800_micit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(01)00280-0","article-title":"A regression model for longitudinal change in the presence of measurement error","volume":"12","author":"Yanez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026080511024198800_micit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201102-0227OC","article-title":"Ozone and survival in four cohorts with potentially predisposing diseases","volume":"184","author":"Zanobetti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["Environmental Health Perspectives"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1289\/EHP3325\/66413884\/ehp3325.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1289\/EHP3325\/66413884\/ehp3325.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T13:51:59Z","timestamp":1786629119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/evhpaz\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1289\/EHP3325"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp3325","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-6765","1552-9924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-6765","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-9924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"article-number":"057001"}}