{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:11:40Z","timestamp":1790082700269,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute exposure to ambient particulate matter &amp;lt;2.5\u03bcm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) has been associated with adult psychiatric exacerbations but has not been studied in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our objectives were to estimate the association between acute exposures to ambient PM2.5 and psychiatric emergency department (ED) utilization and to determine if it is modified by community deprivation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used a time-stratified case-crossover design to analyze all pediatric, psychiatric ED encounters at Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center in Cincinnati, Ohio, from 2011 to 2015 (n=13,176). Conditional logistic regression models adjusted for temperature, humidity, and holiday effects were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for a psychiatric ED visit 0\u20133 d after ambient PM2.5 exposures, estimated at residential addresses using a spatiotemporal model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 10-\u03bcg\/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with a significant increase in any psychiatric ED utilization 1 [OR=1.07 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.12)] and 2 [OR=1.05 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.10)] d later. When stratified by visit reason, associations were significant for ED visits related to adjustment disorder {e.g., 1-d lag [OR=1.24 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.52)] and suicidality 1-d lag [OR=1.44 (95% CI: 1.03, 2.02)]}. There were significant differences according to community deprivation, with some lags showing stronger associations among children in high versus low deprivation areas for ED visits for anxiety {1-d lag [OR=1.39 (95% CI: 0.96, 2.01) vs. 0.85 (95% CI: 0.62, 1.17)] and suicidality same day [OR=1.98 (95% CI: 1.22, 3.23) vs. 0.93 (95% CI: 0.60, 1.45)]}. In contrast, for some lags, associations with ED visits for adjustment disorder were weaker for children in high-deprivation areas {1-d lag [OR=1.00 (95% CI: 0.76, 1.33) vs. 1.50 (95% CI: 1.16, 1.93)]}.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings warrant additional research to confirm the associations in other populations. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/EHP4815<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp4815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T09:00:27Z","timestamp":1569402027000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Pediatric Psychiatric Emergency Department Utilization and Fine Particulate Matter: A Case-Crossover Study"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Cole","family":"Brokamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"University of Cincinnati ; Cincinnati, Ohio,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey R.","family":"Strawn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"University of Cincinnati ; Cincinnati, Ohio,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew F.","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"University of Cincinnati ; Cincinnati, Ohio,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"University of Cincinnati ; Cincinnati, Ohio,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2026080509052568400_micit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-017-0134-3","article-title":"Cognitive effects of air pollution exposures and potential mechanistic underpinnings","volume":"4","author":"Allen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Environ Health Rep"},{"key":"2026080509052568400_micit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5","author":"APA (American Psychiatric Association)","year":"2013"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026080509052568400_micit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu341","article-title":"Acute air pollution exposure and risk of suicide completion","volume":"181","author":"Bakian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080509052568400_micit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2017.1280","article-title":"Pervasive income-based disparities in inpatient bed-day rates across conditions and subspecialties","volume":"37","author":"Beck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080509052568400_micit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.177","article-title":"Incidence and risk patterns of anxiety and depressive disorders and categorization of generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"67","author":"Beesdo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026080509052568400_micit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181f2f405","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter and birth weight: variations by particulate constituents and sources","volume":"21","author":"Bell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026080509052568400_micit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9621","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variation in PM2.5 chemical composition in the United States for health effects studies","volume":"115","author":"Bell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026080509052568400_micit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2009.05.009","article-title":"Air pollution: mechanisms of neuroinflammation and CNS disease","volume":"32","author":"Block","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026080509052568400_micit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2012.08.014","article-title":"The outdoor air pollution and brain health workshop","volume":"33","author":"Block","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"2026080509052568400_micit10","first-page":"5","article-title":"Statistical methods in cancer research. 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