{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T18:22:25Z","timestamp":1793125345842,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Environmental Health Perspectives","issue":"1-4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Health Pollut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1289\/jhp1090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T11:34:50Z","timestamp":1733830490000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Impact of Rolling Blackouts on Environmental Health in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1289","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9608-818X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caradee Y.","family":"Wright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"University of Pretoria","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"University of Johannesburg","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Mathee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Johannesburg","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"South African Medical Research Council","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thandi","family":"Kapwata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Johannesburg","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"South African Medical Research Council","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracey","family":"Laban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nomfundo","family":"Mahlangeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Busisiwe","family":"Shezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sizwe","family":"Nkambule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Candice","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Naidoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9e","family":"Street","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"South African Medical Research Council","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"252","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40888-023-00311-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5547\/01956574.43.4.aalb"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2019.1695873"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","unstructured":"Scott A Darko E Lemma A Rud J-P. 2014. How does electricity insecurity affect businesses in low and middle income countries? https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/media\/57a089f5ed915d3cfd0004ee\/61270-Electricity-insecurity-impact-SMEs-010914.pdf [accessed 22 August 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jha A Preonas L Burlig F. 2022. Blackouts in the developing world: the role of wholesale electricity markets. University of Chicago Becker Friedman Institute for Economics Working Paper No. 2022-01. 10.2139\/ssrn.4000916.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4000916"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","unstructured":"Eskom. 2024. Municipal loadshedding schedules. https:\/\/www.eskom.co.za\/distribution\/customer-service\/outages\/municipal-loadshedding-schedules\/ [accessed 1 August 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","unstructured":"Crisis24. 2021. South Africa: unscheduled power outages impacting Gauteng Province amid nationwide load shedding Oct. 28\/update 4. https:\/\/crisis24.garda.com\/alerts\/2021\/10\/south-africa-unscheduled-power-outages-impacting-gauteng-province-amid-nationwide-load-shedding-oct-28-update-4 [accessed 1 August 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","unstructured":"IEA (International Energy Agency). 2022. Africa Energy Outlook 2022. https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/africa-energy-outlook-2022 [accessed 22 August 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","unstructured":"Lee HE Kim WY Kang H Han K. 2022. Still lacking reliable electricity from the grid many Africans turn to other sources. https:\/\/www.afrobarometer.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/ad514-pap10-still_lacking_reliable_electricity_from_the_grid-many_africans_turn_to_alternative_sources-afrobarometer-10april22.pdf [accessed 24 August 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","unstructured":"Statista. 2024. Average duration of electricity outages per year in Africa as of 2018 by select country. https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/617570\/average-monthly-electricity-outage-africa-by-select-country\/ [accessed 1 August 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","unstructured":"Statista. 2024. Number of power outages in firms in Sub-Saharan Africa in a typical month from 2019 to 2020. https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1279790\/number-of-power-outages-in-firms-in-sub-saharan-africa\/ [accessed 1 August 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","unstructured":"World Bank Group. 2021. Enterprise Surveys South Africa 2020 Country Profile. https:\/\/www.enterprisesurveys.org\/content\/dam\/enterprisesurveys\/documents\/country\/South-Africa-2020.pdf [accessed 22 August 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2013.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","unstructured":"Stern DI Burke PJ Bruns SB. 2019. The Impact of Electricity on Economic Development: a Macroeconomic Perspective. https:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/7jb0015q [accessed 26 August 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","unstructured":"Statista. 2023. Forecast of the total population of Africa 2020 to 2050. https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1224205\/forecast-of-the-total-population-of-africa\/ [accessed 22 October 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2010.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Blackouts: a sociology of electrical power failure","author":"Matthewmann S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Matthewmann S, Byrd H. 2014. Blackouts: a sociology of electrical power failure. Soc Space J 1\u201325.","journal-title":"Soc Space J"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","unstructured":"Climate Nexus. 2024. How renewable energy bolsters the grid against blackouts. https:\/\/climatenexus.org\/climate-issues\/climate-change-power-grid-blackouts\/ [accessed 22 October 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S234574812250004X"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/nh.2023.067"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","unstructured":"Wakeford J. 2013. Oil Shock Vulnerabilities & Impacts: South Africa Case Study. https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/media\/57a08a4c40f0b652dd00067a\/61062-Case-Study-South-Africa.pdf [accessed 22 August 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-020-00295-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/acc7b9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su14148299"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","unstructured":"Dyvik EH. 2024. 20 countries with the biggest inequality in income distribution worldwide in 2023 based on the Gini index. https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/264627\/ranking-of-the-20-countries-with-the-biggest-inequality-in-income-distribution [accessed 20 June 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","unstructured":"World Bank Group. 2024. The World Bank in South Africa. https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/southafrica\/overview [accessed 20 June 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","unstructured":"Statistics South Africa. 2022. Labour Market Dynamics in South Africa 2022. https:\/\/www.statssa.gov.za\/publications\/Report-02-11-02\/Report-02-11-022022.pdf [accessed 22 August 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","unstructured":"Academy of Science of South Africa. 2023. Statement on Water Security in South Africa. https:\/\/www.assaf.org.za\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ASSAf-Statement-on-Water-Security-in-South-Africa.pdf [accessed 22 August 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","unstructured":"Department of Water and Sanitation\u2014Republic of South Africa. 2022. Green Drop 2022. https:\/\/ws.dws.gov.za\/iris\/releases\/Report_DPW_Rev02_29Mar22_MN%20web.pdf [accessed 13 October 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","unstructured":"H2O International. 2023. Load-shedding: a threat to water safety in South Africa. https:\/\/h2o.co.za\/blog\/load-shedding-a-threat-to-water-safety-in-south-africa\/ [accessed 25 October 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","unstructured":"Nombembe P. 2022. Load-shedding blamed for sewage spills on two Cape Town beaches. Times Live 21 December 2022. https:\/\/www.timeslive.co.za\/news\/south-africa\/2022-12-21-load-shedding-blamed-for-sewage-spills-on-two-cape-town-beaches\/ [accessed 26 August 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","unstructured":"Chjepape L. 2023. Ageing infrastructure and loadshedding cause sewage spills and beach closures in Cape Town. Mail and Guardian 4 January 2023. https:\/\/mg.co.za\/environment\/2023-01-04-ageing-infrastructure-and-load-shedding-cause-sewage-spills-and-beach-closures-in-cape-town\/ [accessed 13 October 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.100770"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2989\/16085914.2017.1353477"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/jwarp.2011.37057"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pce.2021.103030"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","first-page":"392","article-title":"The problem of burst sewage pipes and sewerage outflows in east view suburb in Kadoma City, Zimbabwe","volume":"11","author":"Mangizvo R","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mangizvo R. 2009. The problem of burst sewage pipes and sewerage outflows in east view suburb in Kadoma City, Zimbabwe. J Sustain Dev Afr 11(1):392\u2013403.","journal-title":"J Sustain Dev Afr"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","unstructured":"South African Human Rights Commission. 2021. Final Report of the Gauteng Provincial Inquiry Into the Sewage Problem of the Vaal River. https:\/\/www.sahrc.org.za\/home\/21\/files\/The%20Vaal%20Inquiry%20Final%20Report_17022021.pdf [accessed 13 October 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","unstructured":"Republic of South Africa. 1996. Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996. Act No. 108 1996. Chapter 1: section 27(b). https:\/\/www.gov.za\/documents\/constitution-republic-south-africa-1996 [accessed 13 October 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","unstructured":"Winter D. 2011. Power Outages and Their Impact on South Africa\u2019s Water and Wastewater Sectors. https:\/\/www.wrc.org.za\/wp-content\/uploads\/mdocs\/KV%20267-111.pdf [accessed 13 October 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","unstructured":"du Plessis A. 2023. South Africa\u2019s drinking water quality has dropped because of defective infrastructure and neglect \u2013 new report. https:\/\/theconversation.com\/south-africas-drinking-water-quality-has-dropped-because-of-defective-infrastructure-and-neglect-new-report-207267 [accessed 20 June 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1306912"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wds.2022.100038"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2010.300107"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2023.078"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w15040613"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","unstructured":"Mthethwa C. 2023. Seven farmworkers succumb to heat stroke. News24 21 January 2023. https:\/\/www.news24.com\/news24\/southafrica\/news\/seven-farmworkers-succumb-to-heat-stroke-gift-of-the-givers-to-the-rescue-in-blistering-kakamas-20230121 [accessed 13 October 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.124248"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","unstructured":"du Plessis A. 2023. Power cuts in South Africa are playing havoc with the country\u2019s water system. Conversation 23 January 2023. https:\/\/theconversation.com\/power-cuts-in-south-africa-are-playing-havoc-with-the-countrys-water-system-197952 [accessed 13 October 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","unstructured":"Ajam T. 2023. Eskom\u2019s not just affecting homes it\u2019s affecting city infrastructure too. https:\/\/www.capetownetc.com\/news\/eskoms-not-just-affecting-homes-its-affecting-citys-infrastructure-too\/ [accessed 13 October 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","unstructured":"US EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency). 2000. Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet. In-Plant Pump Stations. https:\/\/www3.epa.gov\/npdes\/pubs\/in-plant_pump_station.pdf [accessed 20 June 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","unstructured":"uMngeni-uThukela Water. 2023. Statement: electricity load shedding takes its toll on drinking water supply by Umgeni Water and exacerbated as stage 6 is increasingly implemented. https:\/\/umgeni.co.za\/statement-electricity-load-shedding-takes-its-toll-on-drinking-water-supply\/ [accessed 13 October 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","unstructured":"Rand Water. 2023. Water supply challenges as a result of power failures and high water consumption during the heatwave. https:\/\/www.randwater.co.za\/media\/media_statements\/MEDIA%20STATEMENT%20WATER%20SUPPLY%20CHALLENGES%20(002).pdf [accessed 13 October 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su152316136"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17159\/sajs.2023\/16597"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","unstructured":"Viljoen C Struweg J. 2016. The effect of electricity shortages on South African SMEs. In: 5th International Conference on Issues in Business Administration and Economics (IBAE-2016). 28\u201329 July 2016. London UK: IBAE. https:\/\/www.dirpub.org\/images\/proceedings_pdf\/EA0716013.pdf [accessed 22 October 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","unstructured":"Dahiya A Anh\u00e4user A Farrow A Thieriot H Kumar A Myullyvirta L. 2020. Ranking the World\u2019s Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Hotspots: 2019\u20132020: A Closer Look at the Colourless Gas That is Poisoning Our Air and Health. https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/static\/planet4-mena-stateless\/a372e5fe-so2-report-english.pdf [accessed 13 October 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jastp.2019.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_61_2","unstructured":"Pretorius I. 2015. Impacts and control of coal-fired power station emissions in South Africa. https:\/\/repository.nwu.ac.za\/handle\/10394\/20503 [accessed 22 August 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17159\/caj\/2023\/33\/1.15799"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_63_2","unstructured":"Schoeman T Saunders M. 2018. The impact of power outages on small businesses in the city of Johannesburg. In: ASETH-18 ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18. 19\u201320 November 2018. Cape Town (South Africa): Eminent Association of Pioneers. https:\/\/eares.org\/siteadmin\/upload\/8086EAP1118411.pdf [accessed 22 August 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_64_2","unstructured":"Elegan. 2023. Custom generators designed to support mining and manufacturing activities. https:\/\/www.elegenparts.co.za\/post\/custom-generators-designed-to-support-mining-and-manufacturing-activities [accessed 20 June 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_65_2","unstructured":"Business Tech. 2023. Businesses prepare for grid collapse in South Africa. https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/business\/668257\/businesses-prepare-for-grid-collapse-in-south-africa\/ [accessed 13 October 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003151180"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_67_2","unstructured":"Parker D. 2021. More growth expected for diesel generators. https:\/\/www.engineeringnews.co.za\/article\/more-growth-expected-for-diesel-generators-2021-12-03 [accessed 13 October 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_68_2","unstructured":"Research and Markets. 2022. South Africa Diesel Generator Market \u2013 Growth Trends COVID-19 Impact and Forecasts (2022 - 2027). https:\/\/www.researchandmarkets.com\/reports\/5120337\/south-africa-diesel-generator-market-growth [accessed 13 October 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_69_2","unstructured":"Fraser L. 2023. Middle-class South Africans would rather buy a generator than a car. https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/lifestyle\/679843\/middle-class-south-africans-would-rather-buy-a-generator-than-a-car\/ [accessed 13 October 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP12840"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_71_2","unstructured":"US EPA. 2023. Learn About Impacts of Diesel Exhaust and the Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA). https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/dera\/learn-about-impacts-diesel-exhaust-and-diesel-emissions-reduction-act-dera [accessed 13 October 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_72_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Diesel and gasoline engine exhausts and some nitroarenes","volume":"105","author":"IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans","year":"2014","unstructured":"IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. 2014. Diesel and gasoline engine exhausts and some nitroarenes. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 105:9\u2013699, PMID: 26442290, https:\/\/publications.iarc.fr\/_publications\/media\/download\/3181\/e6bd0692f1a9bb46589d3ca2d8178fa8dcd05ba5.pdf [accessed 26 August 2024].","journal-title":"IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.183.10.1437"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2012.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(23)00185-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.erss.2024.103415"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000905"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_79_2","unstructured":"Business Tech. 2019. The cities with the worst traffic in South Africa \u2013 and how load shedding has made it so much worse. https:\/\/businesstech.co.za\/news\/motoring\/299448\/the-cities-with-the-worst-traffic-in-south-africa-and-how-load-shedding-has-made-it-so-much-worse\/ [accessed 13 October 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.11.319"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_81_2","unstructured":"HEI Panel on the Health Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution. 2022. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Selected Health Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution. Special Report 23. https:\/\/www.healtheffects.org\/system\/files\/hei-special-report-23_6.pdf [accessed 22 August 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_82_2","unstructured":"Global Forest Watch. 2010. South Africa. https:\/\/www.globalforestwatch.org\/dashboards\/country\/ZAF\/?category=fires [accessed 20 June 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_83_2","unstructured":"May J Witten C Lake L. 2020. South African Child Gauge 2020: Food and Nutrition Security. https:\/\/innovationedge.org.za\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/ChildGauge_2020_screen_final.pdf [accessed 22 August 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2019.00357"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_85_2","unstructured":"Lilita G. 2023. Load-shedding: powering malnutrition and obesity. Health-E News 24 January 2023. https:\/\/health-e.org.za\/2023\/01\/24\/load-shedding-powering-malnutrition-and-obesity\/ [accessed 6 August 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2022.108940"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_87_2","unstructured":"Oelofse S Polasi T Haywood L Musvoto C. 2021. Increasing Reliable Scientific Data and Information on Food Losses and Waste in South Africa. https:\/\/wasteroadmap.co.za\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/17-CSIR-Final_Technical-report_Food-waste.pdf [accessed 22 August 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36369\/2616-9045\/2023\/v12i2a11"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_89_2","unstructured":"Majola G. 2022. Load shedding: from rotten food to being poorer in the pocket this is how it hits you. Business Report 28 October 2022. https:\/\/www.iol.co.za\/business-report\/economy\/load-shedding-from-rotten-food-to-being-poorer-in-the-pocket-this-is-how-it-hits-you-6794e6b1-88f5-4e66-9e7a-09b77649a9e0 [accessed 5 August 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/phcfm.v10i1.1796"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_91_2","unstructured":"United Nations. 2023. Sustainable Development. The 17 Goals. https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/goals\/goal2 [accessed 27 September 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_92_2","unstructured":"South African Reserve Bank. 2023. Special Occasional Bulletin of Economic Notes. https:\/\/www.resbank.co.za\/content\/dam\/sarb\/publications\/special-occasional-bulletins\/2023\/special-occasional-bulletin-of-economic-notes-2301-review-of-administered-prices-in-south-africa-the-electricity-tariff-august-2023.pdf [accessed 13 October 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2018.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_95_2","unstructured":"G20. 2021. Energy Poverty: Addressing the Intersection of Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7) Development and Resilience. https:\/\/www.seforall.org\/system\/files?file=2021-06\/G20-SEforALL-Energy-poverty-executive-note.pdf [accessed 20 June 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2021.111476"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.susoc.2022.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_98_2","unstructured":"Ritchie H Rosado P Roser M. 2024. Access to Energy. Our World in Data. https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/energy-access [accessed 19 June 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esr.2017.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seta.2023.103363"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13705-019-0232-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_103_2","unstructured":"Bajar S. 2018. The impact of infrastructure provisioning on inequality. https:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/dspd\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2018\/07\/1-2.pdf [accessed 22 August 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_104_2","unstructured":"Global Infrastructure Hub. 2023. Infrastructure Monitor 2023. https:\/\/www.gihub.org\/infrastructure-monitor\/ [accessed 22 August 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ia\/iix019"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/730158"}],"container-title":["Journal of Health and Pollution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ehp.niehs.nih.gov\/doi\/pdf\/10.1289\/JHP1090","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T19:52:29Z","timestamp":1768420349000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12061260\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1289\/JHP1090"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/jhp1090","relation":{},"ISSN":["2156-9614","2156-9614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2156-9614","type":"print"},{"value":"2156-9614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"article-number":"015001"}}