{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T00:05:49Z","timestamp":1756512349036,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"SMC Media","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patent foramen ovale is a risk factor for systemic embolic events such as cryptogenic stroke. Far less commonly, patent foramen ovale is associated with non-cerebral systemic embolic events. Paradoxical coronary artery embolism is a rare and underdiagnosed cause of acute myocardial infarction. It should be considered in patients presenting with myocardial infarction and an otherwise low-risk profile for atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. We describe a case of paradoxical coronary artery embolism causing ST elevation myocardial infarction. Echocardiography demonstrated patent foramen ovale with a significant shunt. In addition to the treatment of the acute coronary event, patent foramen ovale closure was performed to prevent recurrent paradoxical embolic events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12890\/2020_001951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T09:52:37Z","timestamp":1621936357000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Acute Myocardial Infarction Secondary to Paradoxical Embolism"],"prefix":"10.12890","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Abdullah R","family":"Alenezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Chest Diseases Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muath","family":"Alanbaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Islam","family":"Abouelenein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Chest Diseases Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10397","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.12890\/2020_001951_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Calvert PA, Rana BS, Kydd AC, Shapiro LM. Patent foramen ovale: anatomy, outcomes, and closure. <em>Nat Rev Cardiol <\/em>2011;<strong>8<\/strong>:148\u2013160. <\/li>","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2010.224"},{"key":"10.12890\/2020_001951_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Giblett JP, Abdul-Samad O, Shapiro LM, Rana BS, Calvert PA. Patent foramen ovale closure in 2019. <em>Interv Cardiol<\/em> 2019;<strong>14<\/strong>(1):34\u201341. <\/li>","DOI":"10.15420\/icr.2018.33.2"},{"key":"10.12890\/2020_001951_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Wilson AM, Ardehali R, Brinton RJ, Yeung AC, Vagelos R. Successful removal of a paradoxical coronary embolus using an aspiration catheter. <em>Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med<\/em> 2006;<strong>3<\/strong>:633\u2013636. <\/li>","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpcardio0681"},{"key":"10.12890\/2020_001951_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Agewall S, Beltrame JF, Reynolds HR, Niessner A, Rosano G, Caforio ALP, et al. ESC working group position paper on myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries. <em>Eur Heart J<\/em> 2017;<strong>38<\/strong>(3):143\u2013153.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw149"},{"key":"10.12890\/2020_001951_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Carroll JD, Saver JL, Thaler DE, Smalling RW, Berry S, MacDonald LA, et al. Closure of patent foramen ovale versus medical therapy after cryptogenic stroke. <em>N Engl J Med<\/em> 2013;<strong>368<\/strong>:1092\u20131100. <\/li>","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1301440"},{"key":"10.12890\/2020_001951_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Saver JL, Carroll JD, Thaler DE, Smalling RW, MacDonald LA, Marks DS, et al. Long-term outcomes of patent foramen ovale closure or medical therapy after stroke. <em>N Engl J Med<\/em> 2017;<strong>377<\/strong>:1022\u20131032. <\/li>","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1610057"},{"key":"10.12890\/2020_001951_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>S\u00f8ndergaard L, Kasner SE, Rhodes JF, Andersen G, Iversen HK, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, et al. Patent foramen ovale closure or antiplatelet therapy for cryptogenic stroke. <em>N Engl J Med<\/em> 2017;<strong>377<\/strong>:1033\u20131042. <\/li>","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707404"},{"key":"10.12890\/2020_001951_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Lee PH, Song JK, Kim JS, Heo R, Lee S, Kim DH, et al. Cryptogenic stroke and high-risk patent foramen ovale: the DEFENSE-PFO trial.<em> J Am Coll Cardiol<\/em> 2018;<strong>71<\/strong>:2335\u20132342.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.02.046"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/1951\/2368","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/1951\/2382","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/1951\/2382","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T12:17:32Z","timestamp":1756469852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/view\/1951"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12890\/2020_001951","relation":{"has-manifestation":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-65-1951-g2368","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"other","id":"1-65-1951-g2382","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-part-of":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-65","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2284-2594"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2284-2594"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]]},"article-number":"40"}}