{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T12:40:04Z","timestamp":1756471204492,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SMC Media","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated with cirrhosis. The first-line treatment is endoscopic therapy with argon plasma coagulation (APC). There is a high recurrence rate, but some evidence suggests that thalidomide could play an important role in controlling refractory anaemia due to GAVE. The authors present the case of a cirrhotic patient with a recent diagnosis of GAVE, who underwent multiple endoscopic treatments and blood transfusions because of haematemesis. The patient started thalidomide and 6 months later, there was no recurrence of haematemesis and haemoglobin levels were stable, with no reported adverse effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12890\/2020_002099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T09:52:37Z","timestamp":1621936357000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Use of Thalidomide in Severe Refractory Anaemia Due to Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia (GAVE) in Cirrhosis?"],"prefix":"10.12890","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3491-2222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"Aveiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Rabad\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filipa","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, USF Atl\u00e2ntico Norte, Gafanha da Nazar\u00e9, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10397","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.12890\/2020_002099_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Su T, Yang L. 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Medical versus laser therapy for gastric antral vascular ectasia: comment on the clinical images by Thonhofer et al. <em>Arthritis Rheum<\/em> 2010;<strong>62<\/strong>(11):3517\u20133518. <\/li>","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27680"},{"key":"10.12890\/2020_002099_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>D\u2019Amato RJ, Loughnan MS, Flynn E, Folkman J. Thalidomide is an inhibitor of angiogenesis. <em>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A<\/em> 1994;<strong>91<\/strong>(9):4082\u20134085. <\/li>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.9.4082"},{"key":"10.12890\/2020_002099_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Rider JA, Klotz AP, Kirsner JB. Gastritis with veno-capillary ectasia as a source of massive gastric hemorrhage. <em>Gastroenterology<\/em> 1953;<strong>24<\/strong>(1):118\u2013123.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(53)80070-3"},{"key":"10.12890\/2020_002099_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Sebastian S, O\u2019Morain CA, Buckley MJM. Review article: Current therapeutic options for gastric antral vascular ectasia. <em>Aliment Pharmacol Ther<\/em> 2003;<strong>18<\/strong>(2):157\u2013165. <\/li>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2003.01617.x"},{"key":"10.12890\/2020_002099_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Jabbari M, Cherry R, Lough JO, Daly DS, Kinnear DG, Goresky CA. Gastric antral vascular ectasia: the watermelon stomach. <em>Gastroenterology<\/em> 1984;<strong>87<\/strong>(5):1165\u20131170. <\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(84)80080-3"},{"key":"10.12890\/2020_002099_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Moss SF, Ghosh P, Thomas DM, Jackson JE, Calam J. 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Antral vascular lesion, achlorhydria, and chronic gastrointestinal blood loss: response to steroids. <em>Dig Dis Sci<\/em> 1980;<strong>25<\/strong>(3):236\u2013239.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01308145"},{"key":"10.12890\/2020_002099_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>McCormick PA, Ooi H, Crosbie O. Tranexamic acid for severe bleeding gastric antral vascular ectasia in cirrhosis. <em>Gut<\/em> 1998;<strong>42<\/strong>(5):750\u2013752.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.42.5.750"},{"key":"10.12890\/2020_002099_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Dunne KA, Hill J, Dillon JF. 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