{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T03:22:54Z","timestamp":1771644174214,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"SMC Media","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, has caused the ongoing global pandemic. Initially considered a respiratory disease, it can manifest with a wide range of complications (gastrointestinal, neurological, thromboembolic and cardiovascular) leading to multiple organ dysfunction. A range of immune complications have also been described. We report the case of a 57-year-old man with a medical history of hypertension, prediabetes and beta thalassemia minor, who was diagnosed with COVID-19 and subsequently developed fatigue and arthralgias, and whose blood work showed hyperferritinemia, elevated liver enzymes (AST\/ALT\/GGT), hypergammaglobulinemia, anti-smooth muscle antibody, anti-mitochondrial antibody, and anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies. The patient was diagnosed with autoimmune hepatitis\u2013primary biliary cholangitis overlap syndrome triggered by COVID-19. To our knowledge, this is the first such case reported.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12890\/2021_002264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T09:52:37Z","timestamp":1621936357000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Autoimmune Hepatitis\u2013Primary Biliary Cholangitis Overlap Syndrome Triggered by COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.12890","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7986-6031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balraj","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology & Oncology, Saint Joseph's University Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parminder","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Saint Joseph's University Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Maroules","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology & Oncology, Saint Joseph's University Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10397","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002264_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Halpert G, Shoenfeld Y. SARS-CoV-2, the autoimmune virus. <em>Autoimmun Rev<\/em> 2020;<strong>19<\/strong>(12):102695.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102695"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002264_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Rahim MN, Miquel R, Heneghan MA. Approach to the patient with acute severe autoimmune hepatitis. <em>JHEP Rep<\/em> 2020;<strong>2<\/strong>(6):100149.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2020.100149"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002264_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Tanaka A. Autoimmune hepatitis: 2019 update. Gut Liver 2020;14(4):430\u2013438.<\/li>","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl19261"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002264_ref4","unstructured":"<li>Onofrio FQ, Hirschfield GM, Gulamhusein AF. A practical review of primary biliary cholangitis for the gastroenterologist. <em>Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y)<\/em> 2019;<strong>15<\/strong>(3):145\u2013154.<\/li>"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002264_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Rust C, Beuers U. Overlap syndromes among autoimmune liver diseases. <em>World J Gastroenterol<\/em> 2008;<strong>14<\/strong>(21):3368\u20133373.<\/li>","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.3368"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002264_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Muratori P, Granito A, Pappas G, Pendino GM, Quarneti C, Cicola R, et al. The serological profile of the autoimmune hepatitis\/primary biliary cirrhosis overlap syndrome. <em>Am J Gastroenterol<\/em> 2009;<strong>104<\/strong>(6):1420\u20131425.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.126"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/2264\/2544","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/2264\/2545","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/2264\/2545","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T09:43:23Z","timestamp":1756374203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/view\/2264"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12890\/2021_002264","relation":{"has-manifestation":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-67-2264-g2544","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"other","id":"1-67-2264-g2545","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-part-of":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-67","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2284-2594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2284-2594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]]},"article-number":"23"}}