{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T14:06:23Z","timestamp":1781273183763,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"SMC Media","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>We describe a 29-year-old male bodybuilder with recurrent attacks of myalgia and muscle weakness associated with hypokalaemia and thyrotoxicosis due to abuse of liothyronine. The attacks quickly resolved after potassium supplementation and liothyronine cessation. We concluded that the patient had thyrotoxic hypokalaemic periodic paralysis (TPP). Although muscle weakness and hypokalaemia are prominent symptoms of TPP, underlying thyrotoxicosis may be overlooked. Up to 25% of androgen abusers also abuse thyroid hormone. Lack of recognition of thyroid hormone abuse as a cause of hypokalaemic periodic paralysis may result in unnecessary, potentially harmful medical investigations and improper treatment and advice. \u00a0<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12890\/2021_002362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T09:52:37Z","timestamp":1621936357000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A 29-year-old Bodybuilder with Liothyronine-induced Thyrotoxic Hypokalaemic Periodic Paralysis"],"prefix":"10.12890","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Querijn","family":"van Bokhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Krul-Poel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diederik","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem","family":"de Ronde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10397","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002362_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Kung A. Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis: a diagnostic challenge. <em>J Clin Endocrinol Metab<\/em> 2006;<strong>91<\/strong>(7):2490\u20132495.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0356"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002362_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Maciel R, Lindsey S, Dias da Silva M. Novel etiopathophysiological aspects of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis. <em>Nat Rev Endocrinol<\/em> 2011;<strong>7<\/strong>(11):657\u2013667.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.58"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002362_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Ryan D, Dias da Silva M, Soong T, Fontaine B, Donaldson M, Kung A et al. Mutations in potassium channel Kir2.6 cause susceptibility to thyrotoxic hypokalemic periodic paralysis. <em>Cell<\/em> 2010;140(1):88\u201398.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.12.024"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002362_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Smit D, Hon O, Venhuis B, den Heijer M, Ronde W. Baseline characteristics of the HAARLEM study: 100 male amateur athletes using anabolic androgenic steroids. <em>Scand J Med Sci Sports<\/em> 2019;<strong>30<\/strong>(3):531\u2013539.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13592"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002362_ref5","unstructured":"<li>Smit D, de Ronde W. Outpatient clinic for users of anabolic androgenic steroids: an overview. <em>Neth J Med<\/em> 2018;<strong>76<\/strong>(4):167.<\/li>"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/2362\/2584","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/2362\/2585","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/2362\/2585","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T09:12:10Z","timestamp":1756372330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/view\/2362"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12890\/2021_002362","relation":{"has-manifestation":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-69-2362-g2584","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"other","id":"1-69-2362-g2585","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-part-of":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-69","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2284-2594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2284-2594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"article-number":"26"}}