{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:08:12Z","timestamp":1756166892216,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"SMC Media","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic neutrophilic leukaemia is a very rare disease with diagnosis based on persistent leucocytosis &gt;25\u00d7103\/\u00b5l and monocytes &lt;1\u00d7103\/\u00b5l. The revised WHO criteria 2016 included CSF3R gene mutations as a diagnostic finding. We report the case of a 77-year-old man who was found to have asymptomatic persistent mature neutrophilic leucocytosis with monocytosis. Molecular study confirmed the presence of a CSF3R gene mutation in the absence of morphological or genetic features of myelodysplasia or other forms of myelodysplastic syndrome. The patient\u2019s medical history was significant for coronary artery disease, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bilateral cystic bronchiectasis, moderate pulmonary hypertension, tuberculosis treated 27 years previously, hypothyroidism, and a thyroid nodule. He had hepatosplenomegaly but no lymphadenopathy, and no other malignancy was seen on computed tomography (CT) scanning. At the time of evaluation, he was free of symptoms and had no evidence of infection or drug-induced leucocytosis. The patient was referred to an oncology centre and treated with hydroxyurea and subsequently azacitidine. However, he developed pancytopenia with bone marrow aplasia. He died with neutropenia sepsis. The presence of persistent monocytosis in this case created a diagnostic dilemma as to whether the disease was a variant of chronic neutrophilic leukaemia or was reactive monocytosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12890\/2021_002595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T05:10:27Z","timestamp":1622005827000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia with Monocytosis"],"prefix":"10.12890","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Laila","family":"Alromaih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, KFMMC, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Abdalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, KFMMC, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arifa","family":"Jamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, KFMMC, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Assim","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, KFMMC, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohanad","family":"Bakkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, KFMMC, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina Abdul","family":"Samad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, Nuclear medicine division, KFMMC Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamer M","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Hematology and Internal Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10397","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002595_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Szuber N, Elliot M, Tefferi A. Chronic neutrophilic leukemia: 2020 update on diagnosis, molecular genetics, prognosis, and management. <em>Am J Hematol<\/em> 2019;<strong>95<\/strong>(2):212\u2013224.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25688"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002595_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Elliott MA, Tefferi A. Chronic neutrophilic leukemia: 2018 update on diagnosis, molecular genetics and management. <em>Am J Hematol<\/em> 2018;<strong>93<\/strong>(4):578\u2013587.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24983"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002595_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Arber DA, Orazi A, Hasserjian R, Thiele J, Borowitz MJ, Le Beau MM, et al. The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia. <em>Blood<\/em> 2016;<strong>127<\/strong>(20):2391\u20132405. <\/li>","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-03-643544"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002595_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Patnaik MM, Tefferi A. Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: 2018 update on diagnosis, risk stratification and management.<em> Am J Hematol<\/em> 2018;<strong>93<\/strong>(6):824\u2013840.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25104"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002595_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Hong M, He G. The 2016 Revision to the World Health Organization classification of myelodysplastic syndromes.<em>J Transl Int Med<\/em>2017;<strong>5<\/strong>(3):139\u2013143.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1515\/jtim-2017-0002"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/2595\/2698","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/2595\/2699","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/2595\/2699","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T13:49:52Z","timestamp":1756129792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/view\/2595"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12890\/2021_002595","relation":{"has-manifestation":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-71-2595-g2698","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"other","id":"1-71-2595-g2699","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-part-of":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-71","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2284-2594"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2284-2594"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"article-number":"5"}}