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We describe two patients with COVID-19 who had loculated empyema and discuss the clinical course and therapeutic options.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12890\/2021_002706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T10:06:41Z","timestamp":1626430001000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Loculated Empyema and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.12890","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Ayad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School\/Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirolos","family":"Gergis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, McLaren Health Care, Flint, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherif","family":"Elkattawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School\/Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noreen","family":"Mirza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. George\u2019s University, Grenada, West Indies"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Basel","family":"Abdelazeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, McLaren Health Care, Flint, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Latika","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School\/Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Remolina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10397","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002706_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Zhu H, Wei L, Niu P. The novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China. <em>Glob Health Res Policy<\/em> 2020;<strong>5<\/strong>(2):6. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41256-020-00135-6","DOI":"10.1186\/s41256-020-00135-6"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002706_ref2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. 2021. Available from: https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/ (accessed 7 Jun 2021).<\/li>"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002706_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Placik DA, Taylor WL, Wnuk NM. Bronchopleural fistula development in the setting of novel therapies for acute respiratory distress syndrome in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. <em>Radiol Case Rep<\/em> 2020;<strong>15<\/strong>(11):2378\u20132381. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radcr.2020.09.026<\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2020.09.026"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002706_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Weese WC, Shindler ER, Smith IM, Rabinovich S. Empyema of the thorax then and now. A study of 122 cases over four decades. <em>Arch Intern Med<\/em> 1973;<strong>131<\/strong>(4):516\u2013520. Available from: http:\/\/archinte.jamanetwork.com\/article.aspx?doi=10.1001\/archinte.1973.00320100044004<\/li>","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1973.00320100044004"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002706_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Farjah F, Symons RG, Krishnadasan B, Wood DE, Flum DR. Management of pleural space infections: a population-based analysis. <em>J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg<\/em> 2007;<strong>133<\/strong>(2):346\u2013351. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17258562<\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2006.09.038"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002706_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Sahn SA. Diagnosis and management of parapneumonic effusions and empyema. <em>Clin Infect Dis<\/em> 2007;<strong>45<\/strong>(11):1480\u20131486. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17990232<\/li>","DOI":"10.1086\/522996"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002706_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Marks DJB, Fisk MD, Koo CY, Pavlou M, Peck L, Lee SF, et al. Thoracic empyema: a 12-year study from a UK tertiary cardiothoracic referral centre. <em>PLoS One<\/em> 2012;<strong>7<\/strong>(1):e30074. <\/li>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030074"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002706_ref8","unstructured":"<li>Tsang KY, Leung WS, Chan VL, Lin AWL, Chu CM. Complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema thoracis: microbiology and predictors of adverse outcomes. <em>Hong Kong Med J<\/em> 2007;<strong>13<\/strong>(3):178\u2013186. <\/li>"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002706_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Chong WH, Saha BK, Conuel E, Chopra A. The incidence of pleural effusion in COVID-19 pneumonia: state-of-the-art review. <em>Heart Lung<\/em> 2021;<strong>50<\/strong>(4):481\u2013490. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2021.02.015<\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2021.02.015"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002706_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Zhang L, Kong X, Li X, Zhu J, Liu S, Li W, et al. CT imaging features of 34 patients infected with COVID-19. <em>Clin Imaging<\/em> 2020;<strong>68<\/strong>(29):226\u2013231. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinimag.2020.05.016<\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2020.05.016"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002706_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Guan CS, Wei LG, Xie RM, Lv ZB, Yan S, Zhang ZX, et al. CT findings of COVID-19 in follow-up: comparison between progression and recovery. <em>Diagn Interv Radiol<\/em> 2020;<strong>26<\/strong>(4):301\u2013307. <\/li>","DOI":"10.5152\/dir.2019.20176"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_002706_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Tessitore A, Patella M, Giuliani M, Theologou T, Freguia S, Minerva EM, et al. Surgical treatment of pleural empyema in Coronavirus disease 19 patients: the Southern Switzerland experience. <em>Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg<\/em> 2021;<strong>32<\/strong>(3):367\u2013370. <\/li>","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivaa269"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/2706\/2765","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/2706\/2766","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/2706\/2766","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T13:39:47Z","timestamp":1756129187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/view\/2706"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12890\/2021_002706","relation":{"has-manifestation":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-73-2706-g2765","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"other","id":"1-73-2706-g2766","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-part-of":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-73","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2284-2594"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2284-2594"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"article-number":"14"}}