{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:46:08Z","timestamp":1761745568905,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SMC Media","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Choroidal metastasis from rectal cancer is a rare occurrence with limited literature on appropriate evidence-based treatment options. We describe the case of 44-year-old man who presented with left-sided painful vision loss who was found to have left choroidal and multiple lung metastasis from an unknown primary which was later found to be rectal adenocarcinoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12890\/2021_003059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T03:33:04Z","timestamp":1639539184000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Choroidal Metastasis as the Initial Presentation of Rectal Adenocarcinoma"],"prefix":"10.12890","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"FNU","family":"Amisha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanvi Harishbhai","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Baptist Health - University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, North Little Rock, Arkansas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shubham","family":"Biyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prachi","family":"Saluja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nitesh","family":"Gautam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunilkumar","family":"Kakadia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haematology\/Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10397","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.12890\/2021_003059_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Arepalli S, Kaliki S, Shields CL. Choroidal metastases: origin, features, and therapy. <em>Indian J Ophthalmol <\/em>2015;<strong>63<\/strong>(2):122. <\/li>","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.154380"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_003059_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Huo SM, An HJ, Lee JE, Eum SH, Kim MY, Jang YN, et al. Choroidal metastasis from colon cancer treated with palliative radiotherapy. <em>Korean J Med<\/em> 2015;<strong>89<\/strong>(6):723\u2013727. <\/li>","DOI":"10.3904\/kjm.2015.89.6.723"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_003059_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Tei M, Wakasugi M, Akamatsu H. Choroidal metastasis from early rectal cancer: case report and literature review. <em>Int J Surg Case Rep<\/em> 2014;<strong>5<\/strong>(12):1278\u20131281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2014.10.059 <\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2014.10.059"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_003059_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Neto LB, Pulido JZ, Melo GB, Lima LH, Rodrigues EB. Photodynamic therapy of presumed choroidal metastasis secondary to colorectal carcinoma: literature review.<em>Case Rep Ophthalmol Med<\/em> 2020;<strong>2020<\/strong>:6490535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/6490535 <\/li>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6490535"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_003059_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Lin CJ, Li KH, Hwang JF, Chen SN. The effect of intravitreal bevacizumab treatment on choroidal metastasis of colon adenocarcinoma--case report. <em>Eye (London)<\/em> 2010;<strong>24<\/strong>(6):1102\u20131103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.2009.257 <\/li>","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2009.257"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_003059_ref6","unstructured":"<li>Cole MD, Farah NB. The choroid \u2013 an unusual site for metastasis in patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum \u2013 a case report. <em>Eur J Surg Oncol<\/em> 1985;<strong>11<\/strong>:275\u2013278. <\/li>"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_003059_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Ward SD, Byrne BJ, Kincaid MC, Mann ES. Ultrasonographic evidence of a mushroom-shaped choroidal metastasis. <em>Am J Ophthalmol<\/em> 2000;<strong>130<\/strong>:681\u2013682. <\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00604-8"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_003059_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Linares P, Castanon C, Vivas S, Diz P, Garcia-Palomo A, Llano C. Bilateral choroidal metastasis as the initial manifestation of a rectal cancer. <em>J Gastroenterol Hepatol <\/em>2004;<strong>19<\/strong>:726\u2013727. <\/li>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2004.03465.x"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_003059_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Hisham RB, Thuaibah H, Gul YA. Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the rectum with breast and ocular metastases. <em>Asian J Surg<\/em> 2006;<strong>29<\/strong>:95\u201397. <\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/S1015-9584(09)60115-9"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_003059_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Kuo IC, Haller JA, Maffrand R, Sambuelli RH, Reviglio VE. Regression of a subfoveal choroidal metastasis of colorectal carcinoma after intravitreous bevacizumab treatment. <em>Arch Ophthalmol<\/em> 2008;<strong>126<\/strong>:1311\u20131313. <\/li>","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2008.2"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_003059_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Lin CJ, Li KH, Hwang JF, Chen SN. The effect of intravitreal bevacizumab treatment on choroidal metastasis of colon adenocarcinoma \u2013 case report.<em> Eye (Lond)<\/em> 2010;<strong>24<\/strong>:1102\u20131103. <\/li>","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2009.257"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_003059_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Tei M, Wakasugi M, Akamatsu H. Choroidal metastasis from early rectal cancer: case report and literature review. <em>Int J Surg Case Rep<\/em> 2014;<strong>5<\/strong>(12):1278\u20131281. doi:10.1016\/j.ijscr.2014.10.059 <\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2014.10.059"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_003059_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Khawaja MR, Minturn JT, Spittler AJ, Chiorean EG. Ocular metastasis of colorectal cancer: an uncommon presentation of a common malignancy. <em>Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther<\/em> 2015;<strong>8<\/strong>(4):176\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hemonc.2015.02.002 <\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hemonc.2015.02.002"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_003059_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Ha JY, Oh EH, Jung MK, Park SE, Kim JT, Hwang IG. Choroidal and skin metastases from colorectal cancer. <em>World J Gastroenterol<\/em> 2016;<strong>22<\/strong>(43):9650\u20139653. doi:10.3748\/wjg.v22.i43.9650 <\/li>","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i43.9650"},{"key":"10.12890\/2021_003059_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Neto LB, Pulido JZ, Melo GB, Lima LH, Rodrigues EB. Photodynamic therapy of presumed choroidal metastasis secondary to colorectal carcinoma: literature review. <em>Case Rep Ophthalmol Med<\/em> 2020;<strong>2020<\/strong>:6490535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/649053 <\/li>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6490535"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/3059\/2928","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/3059\/2929","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/3059\/2929","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T12:13:14Z","timestamp":1755864794000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/view\/3059"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12890\/2021_003059","relation":{"has-manifestation":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-80-3059-g2928","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"other","id":"1-80-3059-g2929","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-part-of":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-80","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2284-2594"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2284-2594"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"article-number":"8"}}