{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T14:10:23Z","timestamp":1755785423599,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SMC Media","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intraocular lymphoma (IOL) is a rare and life-threatening condition whose aetiology is unclear. Blurred vision, reduced vision, and floaters are common initial symptoms. Posterior vitreous detachment and haemorrhage rarely occur. The authors present the case of a 79-year-old man who initially presented with a 3-month history of fever, night sweats, significant weight loss, bilateral peri-orbital haematoma, red eyes and retro-orbital headache. Physical examination revealed fever, bilateral peri-orbital haematoma, subconjunctival haemorrhage and palpable cervical lymphadenopathy. CT scans detected conical intra-orbital lesions, cervical adenomegalies, expansive lesions in the adrenal glands, and thrombosis of the splenomesenteric confluent and posterior segment of the right branch of the portal vein. These findings were suggestive of a lymphoproliferative disorder. Aspiration cytology of the adrenal mass and inguinal adenopathies was compatible with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with areas of transformation to Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma. We describe a rare form of lymphoma, and a very unusual presentation of primary intraocular lymphoma with atypical symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12890\/2022_003622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T05:02:28Z","timestamp":1672203748000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intraocular Lymphoma: When to Suspect a Sinister Cause of Ocular Haemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.12890","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Catarina","family":"Pestana Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Vieira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Judas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10397","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.12890\/2022_003622_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Chaput F, Amer R, Baglivo E, Touitou V, Kozyreff A, Bron, D, et al. Intraocular T-cell lymphoma: clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. <em>Ocul Immunol Inflamm<\/em> 2017;<strong>25<\/strong>(5):644\u2013653.<\/li>","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2016.1139733"},{"key":"10.12890\/2022_003622_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Karakawa A, Taoka K, Kaburaki T, Tanaka R, Shinozaki-Ushiku A, Hayashi H, et al. Clinical features and outcomes of secondary intraocular lymphoma. <em>Br J Haematol<\/em> 2018;<strong>183<\/strong>(4):668\u2013671.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15005"},{"key":"10.12890\/2022_003622_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Touhami S, Audo I, Terrada C, Gaudric A, LeHoang P, Touitou V, et al. Neoplasia and intraocular inflammation: from masquerade syndromes to immunotherapy-induced uveitis. <em>Prog Retin Eye Res<\/em> 2019;<strong>72<\/strong>:100761.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2019.05.002"},{"key":"10.12890\/2022_003622_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Batis V, Shuttleworth J, Shuttleworth G, Williams GS. Diagnostic dilemma of ocular lymphoma. <em>BMJ Case Reports<\/em> 2019;<strong>12(6):e229513.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-229513"},{"key":"10.12890\/2022_003622_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Sagoo MS, Mehta H, Swampillai AJ, Cohen VM, Amin SZ, Plowman PN, et al. Primary intraocular lymphoma.<em>Surv Ophthalmol<\/em> 2014;<strong>59<\/strong>(5):503\u2013516.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2013.12.001"},{"key":"10.12890\/2022_003622_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Reichstein D. Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma: an update on pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. <em>Current Opin Ophthalmol<\/em> 2016;<strong>27<\/strong>(3):177\u2013184.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000255"},{"key":"10.12890\/2022_003622_ref7","unstructured":"<li>Araujo I, Coupland SE. Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma\u2014a review. <em>Asia Pac J Ophthalmol<\/em> 2017;<strong>6<\/strong>(3):283\u2013289.<\/li>"},{"key":"10.12890\/2022_003622_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Berenbom A, Davila RM, Lin HS, Harbour JW. Treatment outcomes for primary intraocular lymphoma: implications for external beam radiotherapy. <em>Eye<\/em> 2007;<strong>21<\/strong>(9):1198\u20131201.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702437"},{"key":"10.12890\/2022_003622_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Buettner H, Bolling JP. Intravitreal large-cell lymphoma.<em> Mayo Clin Proc<\/em> 1993;<strong>68<\/strong>(10):1011\u20131015. <\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)62276-9"},{"key":"10.12890\/2022_003622_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li> Dunn JP. Interleukins in the diagnosis of intraocular lymphoma: do we still need histologic confirmation?<em> Retina<\/em> 2018;<strong>38<\/strong>(4):647\u2013649.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002157"},{"key":"10.12890\/2022_003622_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li> Freedman K, Shenoy S. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma with intraocular and orbital involvement: case presentation and review of the literature. <em>Orbit<\/em> 2018;<strong>37<\/strong>(4):243\u2013247.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2017.1383479"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/3622\/3322","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/3622\/3323","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/3622\/3323","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T13:37:41Z","timestamp":1755783461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/view\/3622"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12890\/2022_003622","relation":{"has-manifestation":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-93-3622-g3322","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"other","id":"1-93-3622-g3323","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-part-of":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-93","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2284-2594"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2284-2594"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]}}}