{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T18:16:41Z","timestamp":1755800201346,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SMC Media","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction:\u00a0Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome is an immune-mediated inflammatory polyneuritis characterised by rapidly progressive flaccid paralysis. Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome may present with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome or reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome in rare cases. Case description:\u00a0A woman in her 60s with a history of follicular lymphoma presented with a one-week history of difficulty walking and thunderclap headaches. The patient was diagnosed with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome based on neurological examination, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and nerve conduction findings. Further diagnosis of posterior reversible encephalopathy and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes was based on imaging findings and headache history. The patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and amlodipine, and symptoms improved. Discussion:\u00a0We reviewed the literature on Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome associated with posterior reversible encephalopathy and\/or reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. The underlying pathophysiology may involve dysautonomia resulting in unstable blood pressure, and hyponatraemia causing endothelial dysfunction. The SNOOP mnemonic highlights the \u2018red flags\u2019. This SNOOP mnemonic suggests the possibility of secondary headaches that require imaging studies. In this case, the patient exhibited three SNOOP symptoms: S (history of malignancy: follicular lymphoma), O (sudden-onset headache) and O (over 50 years old). Conclusion:\u00a0This case highlights the importance of considering coexisting central neurological disorders in patients with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12890\/2023_003949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T03:00:06Z","timestamp":1692327606000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome complicated by posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome"],"prefix":"10.12890","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Haruka","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine, Nakagami Hospital, Okinawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoji","family":"Hoshina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidemasa","family":"Higa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chibana Clinic Neurology, Nakagami Hospital, Okinawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Watari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Medicine Center, Shimane University Hospital, Shimane, Japan; Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10397","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.12890\/2023_003949_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Dimachkie MM, Barohn RJ. 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PRES and RCVS: Two Distinct Entities or a Spectrum of the Same Disease? <em>J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis<\/em> 2022;<strong>31<\/strong>:106472. <\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106472"},{"key":"10.12890\/2023_003949_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Ducros A. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. <em>Lancet Neurol<\/em> 2012;<strong>11<\/strong>:906\u2013917. <\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70135-7"},{"key":"10.12890\/2023_003949_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Jeon JS, Park SP, Seo JG. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome due to hyponatremia. <em>J Epilepsy Res<\/em> 2014;<strong>4<\/strong>:31\u201333. <\/li>","DOI":"10.14581\/jer.14008"},{"key":"10.12890\/2023_003949_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Wang Y, Liu J. Hyponatremia is a predictor for poor outcome in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. <em>Neurol Res<\/em> 2015;<strong>37<\/strong>:347-351. <\/li>","DOI":"10.1179\/1743132814Y.0000000455"},{"key":"10.12890\/2023_003949_ref11","unstructured":"<li>Tada M. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). <em>No Shinkei Geka<\/em> 2021;<strong>49<\/strong>:342\u2013348. <\/li>"},{"key":"10.12890\/2023_003949_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Nahas SJ. Diagnosis of acute headache. <em>Curr Pain Headache Rep<\/em> 2011;<strong>15<\/strong>:94\u201397. <\/li>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-011-0178-2"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/3949\/3623","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/3949\/3624","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/3949\/3624","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T07:50:18Z","timestamp":1755676218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/view\/3949"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12890\/2023_003949","relation":{"has-manifestation":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-105-3949-g3623","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"other","id":"1-105-3949-g3624","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-part-of":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-105","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2284-2594"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2284-2594"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]]}}}