{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T11:54:22Z","timestamp":1771329262775,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SMC Media","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is considered a rare congenital heart disease where the take-off of the left coronary artery abnormally originates from the pulmonary artery instead of left aortic sinus. It is associated with a high mortality rate in the first year of life and sudden death in adults if left untreated. We report an adult form of ALCAPA syndrome in a 20-year-old female who presented with anginal pain for the previous few months. Unfortunately, the patient was hesitant to have surgery at the time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12890\/2023_003962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T06:22:30Z","timestamp":1687760550000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Angina pectoris as a manifestation of ALCAPA syndrome in a 20-year-old female: a case report and review of literature"],"prefix":"10.12890","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Leila","family":"Bigdelu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Vascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ossama","family":"Maadarani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant internal medicine and cardiology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Azari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Vascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Heidari-Bakavoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging, Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zouheir","family":"Bitar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Unit, Internal Medical Department, Ahmadi Hospital (KOC), Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10397","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.12890\/2023_003962_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Fernandes ED, Kadivar H, Hallman GL, Reul GJ, Ott DA, Cooley DA. Congenital malformations of the coronary arteries: the Texas Heart Institute experience. <em>Ann Thorac Surg<\/em> 1992;<strong>54<\/strong>:732\u2013740.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(92)91019-6"},{"key":"10.12890\/2023_003962_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Keith JD. The anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. <em>Br Heart J<\/em> 1959;<strong>21<\/strong>:149\u2013161.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.21.2.149"},{"key":"10.12890\/2023_003962_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Bland EF, White PD, Garland J. Congenital anomalies of coronary arteries: report of an unusual case associated with cardiac hypertrophy. <em>Am Heart J<\/em> 1933;<strong>8<\/strong>:787\u2013801.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(33)90140-4"},{"key":"10.12890\/2023_003962_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Yau JM, Singh R, Halpern EJ, Fischman D. Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in adults: a comprehensive review of 151 adult cases and a new diagnosis in a 53-year-old woman. <em>Clin Cardiol<\/em> 2011;<strong>34<\/strong>:204\u2013210.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20848"},{"key":"10.12890\/2023_003962_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Chang RR, Allada V. Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic features that distinguish anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from pulmonary artery from idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. <em>Pediatr Cardiol<\/em> 200;<strong>22<\/strong>:3-10.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1007\/s002460010142"},{"key":"10.12890\/2023_003962_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Kayalar N, Burkhart HM, Dearani JA, Cetta F, Schaff HV. Congenital coronary anomalies and surgical treatment. <em>Congenit Heart Dis<\/em> 2009;<strong>4<\/strong>:239\u2013251.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-0803.2009.00301.x"},{"key":"10.12890\/2023_003962_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Lotman E-M, Karu K, Mikkel M, Elmet M. Late adult presentation of ALCAPA syndrome: need for a new clinical classification? A case report and literature overview. <em>Eur Heart J Case Rep<\/em> 2020;<strong>4<\/strong>:1\u20135.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytaa318"},{"key":"10.12890\/2023_003962_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Xiao Y, Jin M, Han L, Ding W, Zheng J, Sun C, et al. Two congenital coronary abnormalities affecting heart function: anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery and congenital left main coronary artery atresia. <em>Chin Med J (Engl)<\/em> 2014;<strong>127<\/strong>:3724\u20133731.<\/li>","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20133224"},{"key":"10.12890\/2023_003962_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Yau JM, Singh R, Halpern EJ, Fischman D. Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in adults: a comprehensive review of 151 adult cases and a new diagnosis in a 53-year-old woman. <em>Clin Cardiol<\/em> 2011;<strong>34<\/strong>:204\u2013210.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20848"},{"key":"10.12890\/2023_003962_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Yu Y, Wang Q-S, Wang X-F, Sun J, Yu L-W, Ding M, et al. Diagnostic value of echocardiography on detecting the various types of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. <em>J Thorac Dis<\/em> 2020;<strong>12<\/strong>:319\u2013328.<\/li>","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2020.01.28"},{"key":"10.12890\/2023_003962_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Drinkovic N, Margetic E, Smalcelj A, Brida V. Echocardiographic diagnosis of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. <em>Eur J Echocardiogr<\/em> 2008;<strong>9<\/strong>:309\u2013310.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euje.2006.11.012"},{"key":"10.12890\/2023_003962_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Yang Y-L, Nanda NC. Wang X-F, Xie MX, Lu Q, He L, et al. Echocardiographic diagnosis of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. <em>Echocardiography<\/em> 2007;<strong>24<\/strong>:405\u2013411.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.2006.00406.x"},{"key":"10.12890\/2023_003962_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Duan X, Yu T, Wang F, Liu H, Sun J, Zhai R. Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in infants: imaging findings and clinical implications of cardiac computed tomography. <em>J Comput Assist Tomogr<\/em> 2015;<strong>39<\/strong>:189\u2013195.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000000202"},{"key":"10.12890\/2023_003962_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Goo HW, Seo D-M, Yun T-J, Park J-J, Park I-S, Ko JK, et al. Coronary artery anomalies and clinically important anatomy in patients with congenital heart disease: multislice CT findings. <em>Pediatr Radiol<\/em> 2009;<strong>39<\/strong>:265\u2013273.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-008-1111-7"},{"key":"10.12890\/2023_003962_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Horisaki T, Yamashita T, Yokoyama H, Urasawa K, Kitabatake A. Three-dimensional reconstruction of computed tomographic images of anomalous origin of the left main coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk in an adult. <em>Am J Cardiol<\/em> 2003;<strong>92<\/strong>:898\u2013899.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(03)00913-5"},{"key":"10.12890\/2023_003962_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Shen Q, Yao Q, Hu X. Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in children: diagnostic use of multidetector computed tomography. <em>Pediatr Radiol<\/em> 2016;<strong>46<\/strong>:1392\u20131398.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-016-3635-6"},{"key":"10.12890\/2023_003962_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Pe\u00f1a E, Nguyen ET, Merchant N, Dennie C. ALCAPA syndrome: not just a pediatric disease. <em>Radiographics<\/em> 2009;<strong>29<\/strong>:553\u2013565.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.292085059"},{"key":"10.12890\/2023_003962_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Dodge-Khatami A, Mavroudis C, Backer CL. Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery: collective review of surgical therapy. <em>Ann Thorac Surg<\/em> 2002;<strong>74<\/strong>:946\u2013955.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)03633-0"},{"key":"10.12890\/2023_003962_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Lange R, Vogt M, H\u00f6rer J, Cleuziou J, Menzel A, Holper K, et al. Long-term results of repair of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. <em>Ann Thorac Surg<\/em> 2007;<strong>83<\/strong>:1463\u20131471.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2006.11.005"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/3962\/3560","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/3962\/3561","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/3962\/3561","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T09:09:20Z","timestamp":1755680960000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/view\/3962"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12890\/2023_003962","relation":{"has-manifestation":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-102-3962-g3560","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"other","id":"1-102-3962-g3561","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-part-of":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-102","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2284-2594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2284-2594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]]}}}