{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T17:51:08Z","timestamp":1755798668184,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SMC Media","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection that can present in various clinical forms, ranging from asymptomatic to severe neurological manifestations. The primary sources of infection include undercooked meat, unwashed produce and contact with cat faeces. Toxoplasmosis can lead to encephalitis, particularly in immunocompromised patients, and is often misdiagnosed as other neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We report the case of a 44-year-old male from Almaty, Kazakhstan, who presented with neurological symptoms including headaches, dizziness, diplopia, leg weakness and elevated blood pressure. The patient had a history of consuming undercooked meat, but no prior neurological conditions. Initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed demyelinating lesions, leading to a diagnosis of MS. However, high levels of IgG antibodies against\u00a0Toxoplasma gondii\u00a0were detected, prompting further testing. A polymerase chain reaction test for toxoplasmosis was negative, but the patient was treated empirically with trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole for six months. A follow-up MRI showed a significant reduction in brain lesions, and the patient\u2019s symptoms improved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12890\/2024_004938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T11:41:53Z","timestamp":1730202113000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Toxoplasmosis infection in an HIV-negative patient presenting with clinical and MRI findings similar to those of multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.12890","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Bayan","family":"Nurgaliyeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kulman","family":"Nyssanbayeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Choudhary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Medicine, Jeevan Clinic, Gurgaon, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10397","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.12890\/2024_004938_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Hunter CA, Sibley LD. 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Understanding mechanisms and the role of differentiation in pathogenesis of Toxoplasma gondii: a review. <em>Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz<\/em> 2009;<strong>104<\/strong>:155\u2013161.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000200005"},{"key":"10.12890\/2024_004938_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Ferguson DJ, Hutchison WM, Pettersen E. Tissue cyst rupture in mice chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii: an immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study. <em>Parasitol Res<\/em> 1989;<strong>75<\/strong>:599\u2013603. <\/li>","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00930955"},{"key":"10.12890\/2024_004938_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Benson JC, Cervantes G, Baron TR, Tyan AE, Flanagan S, Lucato L, et al. Imaging features of neurotoxoplasmosis: a multiparametric approach, with emphasis on susceptibility-weighted imaging. <em>Eur J Radiol Open<\/em> 2018;<strong>5<\/strong>:45\u201351.<\/li>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2018.03.004"},{"key":"10.12890\/2024_004938_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"<li>Lee YY, Bruner JM, Van Tassel P, Libshitz HI. Primary central nervous system lymphoma: CT and pathologic correlation. <em>AJR Am J Roentgenol<\/em> 1986;<strong>147<\/strong>:747-752.<\/li>","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.147.4.747"},{"key":"10.12890\/2024_004938_ref13","unstructured":"<li>Chaudhari AB, Singh A, Jindal S, Poon TP. Haemorrhage in cerebral toxoplasmosis. A report on a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. <em>S Afr Med J<\/em> 1989;<strong>76<\/strong>:272\u2013274.<\/li>"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/4938\/4332","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/4938\/4333","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/4938\/4333","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T09:48:33Z","timestamp":1755596913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/view\/4938"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12890\/2024_004938","relation":{"has-manifestation":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-119-4938-g4332","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"other","id":"1-119-4938-g4333","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-part-of":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-119","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2284-2594"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2284-2594"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]}}}