{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T16:59:45Z","timestamp":1757609985653,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"SMC Media","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction:\u00a0Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sensorimotor disorder that primarily affects the lower extremities. This condition is characterized by unpleasant sensations and an irresistible urge to move the affected body regions, typically during periods of rest or at night. While RLS most commonly involves the legs, atypical variants affecting other body parts, including the arms, abdomen, face, and even the head, have increasingly been reported. This has led to the emergence of a broader diagnostic concept termed \u201crestless X syndrome\u201d. However, no prior cases involving the ocular region have been documented. Case description:\u00a0Herein, we report a novel case of a 57-year-old woman who experienced chronic, nocturnal ocular pain for over 10 years, which repeatedly woke her from sleep. The pain, described as heavy and crushing, was not associated with any known ocular or neurologic pathology, and could be consistently alleviated by eye movements or eyelid stimulation. Multiple treatments for presumed dry eye syndrome and atypical facial pain were unsuccessful. After extensive evaluation, the condition was identified as a novel variant of RLS affecting the eyes. The patient showed no response to a dopamine agonist (pramipexole), but experienced marked and sustained relief with gabapentin enacarbil. Conclusion:\u00a0This case highlights the potential for RLS to present in non-traditional locations, including the eyes. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for RLS variants in patients with nocturnal sensory discomfort that can be relieved by movement, even in the absence of limb symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12890\/2025_005698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T15:38:08Z","timestamp":1755531488000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Restless eyes at night: a novel variant of restless legs syndrome"],"prefix":"10.12890","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9213-8247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasutaka","family":"Yanagita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Uehara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Kishimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiori","family":"Kase","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rurika","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daiki","family":"Yokokawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10397","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.12890\/2025_005698_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allen RP, Picchietti DL, Garcia-Borreguero D, Ondo WG, Walters AS, Winkelman JW, et al. Restless legs syndrome\/Willis-Ekbom disease diagnostic criteria: updated International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) consensus criteria--history, rationale, description, and significance. Sleep Med 2014;15:860-873. doi: 10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.03.025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.03.025"},{"key":"10.12890\/2025_005698_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prakash S, Vadodaria V, Chawda N, Shah CS, Prakash A. Restless head syndrome: A retrospective study. World J Methodol 2025;15:97171. doi: 10.5662\/wjm.v15.i1.97171","DOI":"10.5662\/wjm.v15.i1.97171"},{"key":"10.12890\/2025_005698_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sato R, Yokokawa D, Uehara T, Tsukamoto T, Noda K, Shikino K, et al. Restless X syndrome: a new diagnostic family of nocturnal, restless, abnormal sensations of various body parts. Diagnosis (Berl) 2023;10:450-451. doi: 10.1515\/dx-2023-0040","DOI":"10.1515\/dx-2023-0040"},{"key":"10.12890\/2025_005698_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ondo WG. Restless legs syndrome: pathophysiology and treatment. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2014;16:317. doi: 10.1007\/s11940-014-0317-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-014-0317-2"},{"key":"10.12890\/2025_005698_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inoue Y, Hirata K, Uchimura N, Kuroda K, Hattori N, Takeuchi M. Gabapentin enacarbil in Japanese patients with restless legs syndrome: a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Curr Med Res Opin 2013;29:13-21. doi: 10.1185\/03007995.2012.746217","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2012.746217"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/5698\/4795","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/5698\/4796","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/5698\/4796","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T12:44:01Z","timestamp":1756903441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/view\/5698"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12890\/2025_005698","relation":{"has-manifestation":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-129-5698-g4795","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"other","id":"1-129-5698-g4796","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-part-of":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-129","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2284-2594"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2284-2594"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]}}}