{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:38:16Z","timestamp":1759538296099,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"SMC Media","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background:\u00a0Extramedullary haematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells outside the bone marrow, typically as a compensatory response to chronic anaemia or bone marrow failure. It is a well-documented phenomenon in hemoglobinopathies with ineffective erythropoiesis, such as thalassemia major and intermedia, where it occurs frequently due to persistent marrow stress. However, in sickle cell disease, extramedullary haematopoiesis is considered a rare phenomenon. This rarity is attributed to the fact that, in sickle cell disease, anaemia is primarily due to haemolysis rather than ineffective erythropoiesis. When extramedullary haematopoiesis does occur in sickle cell disease, it often involves unusual sites such as the paraspinal regions, potentially causing compressive symptoms. Recognition of this rare complication is crucial for timely diagnosis and management. Case presentation:\u00a0We report a case of a 43-year-old male with homozygous sickle cell disease who presented with progressive mid back pain and bilateral lower limb weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic spine revealed a well-circumscribed paraspinal mass causing spinal cord compression. Discussion:\u00a0Paraspinal extramedullary haematopoiesis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of spinal masses in patients with chronic haemolytic anaemias. While often asymptomatic, mass effect can lead to neurological deficits requiring urgent intervention. Diagnosis is based on imaging and requires histological confirmation. Treatment options include blood transfusion to suppress erythropoiesis, radiotherapy, and surgical decompression in severe cases. Conclusion:\u00a0This case underscores the importance of recognizing paraspinal extramedullary haematopoiesis as a potential cause of neurological symptoms in sickle cell disease patients. Timely diagnosis and multidisciplinary management are essential to prevent irreversible complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12890\/2025_005818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T12:34:28Z","timestamp":1758890068000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Paraspinal extramedullary haematopoiesis in a patient with sickle cell disease: a rare clinical presentation"],"prefix":"10.12890","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0208-0049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anurag","family":"Raje","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gowtham","family":"Siddi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NRI Medical College, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amita","family":"D'Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HCA Houston Healthcare, Clear Lake, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Correa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UTHealth Houston and MD Anderson Cancer Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10397","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.12890\/2025_005818_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheinei A, Bade N, Giri U, Fusisi R, Marti SM, Zik C, et al. Extramedullary hematopoiesis in SCD is more prevalent than previously recognized. J Sickle Cell Dis 2024;1:yoae002.039. doi:10.1093\/jscdis\/yoae002.039. 039","DOI":"10.1093\/jscdis\/yoae002.039"},{"key":"10.12890\/2025_005818_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boccadifuoco U, Cheminet G, Morino B, Arlet JB. L\u2019h\u00e9matopo\u00ef\u00e8se extram\u00e9dullaire, une complication rare de la dr\u00e9panocytose: \u00e0 propos de six cas et revue de la litt\u00e9rature [Extramedullary hematopoiesis, a rare complication of sickle cell disease: A six-case series and literature review]. Rev Med Interne 2025;46:193-203. French. doi: 10.1016\/j.revmed.2024.12.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2024.12.006"},{"key":"10.12890\/2025_005818_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohapatra D, Prateek D, Tulasi G, Bhola Rajesh K. Paravertebral extramedullary haematopoiesis mimicking myeloid sarcoma. J Clin Sci Res 2022;12:97-100. doi:10.4103\/jcsr.jcsr_94_22","DOI":"10.4103\/jcsr.jcsr_94_22"},{"key":"10.12890\/2025_005818_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark CA, Worden CP, Thorp BD, Ebert CS, Zanation AM, Senior BA, et al. Extramedullary hematopoies is in the Sinonasal Cavity: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Allergy Rhinol (Providence) 2020;11:2152656720918874. doi:10.1177\/2152656720918874","DOI":"10.1177\/2152656720918874"},{"key":"10.12890\/2025_005818_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gumbs RV, Higginbotham-Ford EA, Teal JS, Kletter GG, Castro O. Thoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis in sickle-cell disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1987;149:889-893. doi: 10.2214\/ajr.149.5.889","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.149.5.889"},{"key":"10.12890\/2025_005818_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reiersen DA, Mandava M, Jeroudi M, Gungor A. Maxillofacial extramedullary hematopoiesis in a child with sickle cell presenting as bilateral periorbital cellulitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2014;78:1173-1175. doi: 10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.03.028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.03.028"},{"key":"10.12890\/2025_005818_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrier A, Willy S, Slone JS. Extramedullary hematopoiesis of the liver in a child with sickle cell disease: A rare complication. Pediatr Int 2015;57:770-772. doi: 10.1111\/ped.12647","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12647"},{"key":"10.12890\/2025_005818_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ajayi F, Nali MS, Ali R, Patel A, Shaaban H. Extra-Medullary Hematopoiesis in Sickle Cell Disease Presenting as a Right Adrenal Mass. 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