{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T13:20:31Z","timestamp":1778160031429,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"SMC Media","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction:\u00a0Waldenstr\u00f6m macroglobulinaemia is a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma producing monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM), and both the disease and its treatment can cause immunosuppression. Alveolar echinococcosis is a parasitic infection that primarily involves the liver but may present with extrahepatic manifestations. Case description:\u00a0We report the case of a patient who presented with chylothorax and non-specific hepatic lesions and was then diagnosed with Waldenstr\u00f6m macroglobulinaemia. In addition to this diagnosis, alveolar echinococcosis was subsequently confirmed by liver biopsy and serology. Discussion:\u00a0Diagnostic interpretation was challenging, as these features may occur in both conditions. A multidisciplinary approach was needed to establish the treatment plan due to overlapping symptomatology and the risk of treatment-related immunosuppression. Conclusion:\u00a0This case highlights the importance of considering a broad differential diagnosis for a chylothorax and hepatic lesions in an oncological context and illustrates the therapeutic challenges of managing an indolent haematologic malignancy in the context of a chronic parasitic infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12890\/2026_006261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T13:54:50Z","timestamp":1775570090000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Coexisting Waldenstr\u00f6m macroglobulinaemia and alveolar echinococcosis presenting with chylothorax that resolved on treatment: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge"],"prefix":"10.12890","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Perramond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, H\u00f4pital de Saint-Imier, Saint-Imier, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Bugnon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, H\u00f4pital de Saint-Imier, Saint-Imier, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Voegeli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, Centre M\u00e9dico-Chirurgical Volta, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4562-9016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annalisa","family":"Berzigotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology, Inselspital, H\u00f4pital Universitaire de Berne, Berne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10397","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.12890\/2026_006261_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gertz MA. Waldenstr\u00f6m macroglobulinemia: 2023 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management. Am J Hematol 2023;98:348\u2013358. doi:10.1002\/ajh.26796","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26796"},{"key":"10.12890\/2026_006261_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ollagnon M, Bresson-Hadni S, Spahr L, Rubbia-Brandt L, Toso C, Chappuis F. Alveolar echinococcosis in the canton of Geneva between 2010 and 2021: a descriptive analysis. Swiss Med Wkly 2025;155:3863. doi:10.57187\/s.3863","DOI":"10.57187\/s.3863"},{"key":"10.12890\/2026_006261_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhatnagar M, Fisher A, Ramsaroop S, Carter A, Pippard B. Chylothorax: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management \u2013 a comprehensive review. J Thorac Dis 2024;16:1645\u20131661. doi:10.21037\/jtd-23-1636","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-23-1636"},{"key":"10.12890\/2026_006261_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baudinov I, Kadyrova A, Ibraimov K, Prabha KC, Bebezov B, Aitbaev S, et al. Diagnostic imaging modalities in the study of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: a review of literature. Cardiovasc Dis 2025;9: doi: 10.24969\/hvt.2025.558","DOI":"10.24969\/hvt.2025.558"},{"key":"10.12890\/2026_006261_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pfister M, Gottstein B, Kretschmer R, Cerny T, Cerny A. Elevated carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) in patients with Echinococcus infection. Clin Chem Lab Med 2001;39:527\u2013530. doi:10.1515\/CCLM.2001.088","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2001.088"},{"key":"10.12890\/2026_006261_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar SK, Callander NS, Adekola K, Anderson LD Jr, Baljevic M, Baz R, et al. Waldenstr\u00f6m macroglobulinemia\/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, version 2.2024, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2024;22:e240001. doi:10.6004\/jnccn.2024.0001","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2024.0001"},{"key":"10.12890\/2026_006261_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaiser LM, Hunter ZR, Treon SP, Buske C. CXCR4 in Waldenstr\u00f6m\u2019s macroglobulinemia: chances and challenges. Leukemia 2021;35:333\u2013345. doi:10.1038\/s41375-020-01102-3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-01102-3"},{"key":"10.12890\/2026_006261_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castillo JJ, Yang K, Liu R, Wang Y, Cohen A, Zimmerman TM, et al. Efficacy and safety of zanubrutinib versus rituximab-based chemoimmunotherapy in Waldenstr\u00f6m macroglobulinemia (WM): Matching-adjusted indirect comparisons: hematologic malignancies \u2013 lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2021;39:7559. doi: 10.1200\/JCO.2021.39.15_suppl.7559","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2021.39.15_suppl.7559"},{"key":"10.12890\/2026_006261_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chauchet A, Grenouillet F, Knapp J, Richou C, Delabrousse E, Dentan C, et al. FrancEchino Network. Increased incidence and characteristics of alveolar echinococcosis in patients with immunosuppression-associated conditions. Clin Infect Dis 2014;59:1095\u20131104. doi:10.1093\/cid\/ciu520","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu520"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/6261\/5413","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/6261\/5414","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/6261\/5414","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T12:59:18Z","timestamp":1778158758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/view\/6261"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12890\/2026_006261","relation":{"has-manifestation":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-167-6261-g5413","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"other","id":"1-167-6261-g5414","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-part-of":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-167","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2284-2594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2284-2594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]}}}