{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T10:09:27Z","timestamp":1788775767468,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SMC Media","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is a rare hereditary cause of mild hypercalcemia that usually follows a benign clinical course. Calcific aortic stenosis (AS) in a trileaflet aortic valve is uncommon before 65 years of age. Emerging evidence suggests that disturbances in calcium metabolism may contribute to aortic valve calcification. Case description: A 58-year-old woman presented in 2012 with acute heart failure (HF) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 32%. Coronary angiography was normal, and endomyocardial biopsy was not suggestive of myocarditis. She achieved complete recovery with guideline-directed medical therapy, consistent with resolved idiopathic cardiomyopathy. Echocardiography at that time showed only mild aortic valve thickening. She had chronic mild hypercalcemia consistent with FHH, supported by family history, normal parathyroid hormone levels, and fractional excretion of calcium &lt;1%. Genetic testing was negative. During the following decade, progressive aortic valve calcification was documented. In 2023, echocardiography revealed severe AS with a functionally bicuspid valve (peak\/mean gradients 105\/69 mmHg; valve area 0.5 cm2) and LVEF of 41%, presenting with a second episode of acute HF. She underwent surgical aortic valve replacement with full symptomatic recovery. Conclusion: This case suggests a possible association between FHH and accelerated valvular calcification leading to premature severe AS. It is also notable for two separate HF episodes caused by different aetiologies: reversible cardiomyopathy initially, followed a decade later by severe AS. Although FHH is generally considered benign, chronic hypercalcemia may justify closer long-term cardiovascular surveillance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12890\/2026_006953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T10:39:51Z","timestamp":1786703991000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia and early severe aortic stenosis in a patient with two different heart failure episodes"],"prefix":"10.12890","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ana Margarida","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana Lobo","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Cordeiro","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Nogueira-Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; Department of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; Department of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Clinical Investigation Unit, Internal Medicine Department, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal; Department of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Clinical Investigation Unit, Internal Medicine Department, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10397","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.12890\/2026_006953_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee JY, Shoback DM. 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