{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T23:18:44Z","timestamp":1790983124343,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SMC Media","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background:\u00a0Giant vesical calculi, defined as stones larger than 40 mm and weighing over 100 grams, are uncommon in young patients. In developed countries, only a limited number of case reports have been published, and no previous cases have been reported in patients with substance use disorder. Case report:\u00a0The rare case of a young male presenting with a giant bladder calculus causing obstructive nephropathy and renal impairment is reported. The patient had a history of substance use disorder, mainly opioids, and suffered from chronic urinary retention. Clinical and biochemical recovery was achieved after open cystolithotomy and antibiotic treatment for concomitant urinary infection. Conclusion:\u00a0Vesical lithiasis can occur in young individuals with chronic substance abuse due to urinary stasis. Opioids have been implicated in the development of chronic urinary retention. In severe cases, the progressive formation of giant stones can be complicated by chronic renal impairment, obstructive hydronephrosis and urinary tract infections. Surgical management with open cystolithotomy remains the gold standard treatment when not contraindicated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12890\/2026_007277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T08:37:38Z","timestamp":1784018258000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Giant bladder calculus presenting as a rare cause of renal impairment in a young adult with substance use disorder"],"prefix":"10.12890","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Eftychia","family":"Charatsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Kyriakides","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Urology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sismanogleio General Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanos","family":"Chrysanthakopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Zisopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Kalantzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamprini","family":"Kosma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Amalia Fleming General Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10397","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.12890\/2026_007277_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chakit M, Aqira A, Mesfioui A. A case report of a giant bladder stone (12 \u00d7 8 cm, 610 g). Radiol Case Rep 2023;19:970-973. doi: 10.1016\/j.radcr.2023.11.081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2023.11.081"},{"key":"10.12890\/2026_007277_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franco-Gonz\u00e1lez CD, Martin-Millet JA, Gonz\u00e1lez-Guillermo CA, M\u00e9ndez-Atoche M, Caballero-Osorno P, Flores-Tapia JP. A Case Report and Literature Review of a Giant Bladder Stone in a 43-year-old Female (9 x 8 x 4 cm, 250g). Radiol Case Rep 2024;19:5539-5543. doi: 10.1016\/j.radcr.2024.08.019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2024.08.019"},{"key":"10.12890\/2026_007277_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pannu AS, Pannu BS. A rare case of a 2-pound urinary bladder stone in a 32-year-Old male. 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