{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T10:09:18Z","timestamp":1788775758084,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"SMC Media","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Primary pleural angiosarcoma is an extremely rare malignancy of the pleura arising from the vascular endothelial cells. The disease is highly aggressive and associated with a poor prognosis. Clinical and imaging features are non-specific often leading to delays in diagnosis. Case description: We report a case of primary pleural epithelioid angiosarcoma in a 66-year-old man presenting with a 2-month history of progressive dyspnoea, anorexia and significant weight-loss. Chest imaging revealed a large pleural effusion which was haemorrhagic on sampling. Multiple haemorrhagic nodules on parietal pleura were biopsied at medical thoracoscopy. Tumour morphology and immunocytochemical analysis with positive staining for endothelial markers CD31 and ERG supported the diagnosis of pleural epithelioid angiosarcoma. He was treated with palliative chemotherapy with some initial response but developed rapid disease progression after 6 months resulting in his death. Conclusion: Pleural angiosarcoma causes diagnostic uncertainty due to its rarity, non-specific presentation and inconclusive cytology. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry are crucial for prompt diagnosis of this aggressive disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12890\/2026_007360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T10:12:35Z","timestamp":1788171155000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Primary pleural epithelioid angiosarcoma presenting with recurrent haemorrhagic pleural effusions"],"prefix":"10.12890","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9108-6089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleanor","family":"Dorman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9422-5056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shubhada","family":"Bansode","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Histopathology, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rizwan","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10397","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.12890\/2026_007360_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jemal A, Siegel R, Xu J, Ward E. Cancer statistics, 2010. CA Cancer J Clin. 2010;60(5):277-300. doi: 10.3322\/caac.20073. Erratum in: CA Cancer J Clin. 2011;61(2):133-4.","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.20073"},{"key":"10.12890\/2026_007360_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sturm EC, Marasco IS, Katz SC. Multidisciplinary Management of Angiosarcoma - A Review. J Surg Res. 2021;257:213-220. doi: 10.1016\/j.jss.2020.07.026.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.07.026"},{"key":"10.12890\/2026_007360_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang X, Lu Z, Luo Y, Cai J, Wei J, Liu A, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of primary pleural angiosarcoma: A retrospective study of 43 published cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022;101(6):e28785. doi: 10.1097\/MD.0000000000028785.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000028785"},{"key":"10.12890\/2026_007360_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang PJ, Livolsi VA, Brooks JJ. Malignant epithelioid vascular tumors of the pleura: report of a series and literature review. Hum Pathol. 2000;31:29\u201334. doi: 10.1016\/S0046-8177(00)80194-X.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(00)80194-X"},{"key":"10.12890\/2026_007360_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sedhai YR, Basnyat S, Golamari R, Koirala A, Yuan M. Primary pleural angiosarcoma: case report and literature review. SAGE Open Med Case Rep. 2020;8:2050313X20904595. doi: 10.1177\/2050313X20904595.","DOI":"10.1177\/2050313X20904595"},{"key":"10.12890\/2026_007360_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woo JJ, Kim Y, An JK, Lee H. Primary pleural epithelioid angiosarcoma manifesting as a loculated hemothorax: a case report and literature review focusing on CT findings. Radiol Case Rep. 2021;16:3072\u20133075. doi: 10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.07.048.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.07.048"},{"key":"10.12890\/2026_007360_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Young RJ, Brown NJ, Reed MW, Hughes D, Woll PJ. Angiosarcoma. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11(10):983\u2013991. doi: 10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70023-1.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70023-1"},{"key":"10.12890\/2026_007360_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang X, Wei J, Zeng Z, Cai J, Lu Z, Liu A. Primary pleural epithelioid angiosarcoma treated successfully with anti-PD-1 therapy: a rare case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021;100:e27132. doi: 10.1097\/MD.0000000000027132.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000027132"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/7360\/5956","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/7360\/5957","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/download\/7360\/5957","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T09:27:12Z","timestamp":1788773232000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ejcrim.com\/index.php\/EJCRIM\/article\/view\/7360"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12890\/2026_007360","relation":{"has-manifestation":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-172-7360-g5956","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"other","id":"1-172-7360-g5957","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-part-of":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-172","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2284-2594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2284-2594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]}}}