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Bart, J., Groen, H. J., van der Graaf, W. T., Hollema, H., Hendrikse, N. H., Vaalburg, W., Sleijfer, D. T. and de Vries, E. G. 2002. An oncological view on the blood-testis barrier. <i>Lancet Oncol.<\/i> 3: 357\u2013363.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(02)00776-3"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Cardone, A. 2015. Imidacloprid induces morphological and molecular damages on testis of lizard (<i>Podarcis sicula<\/i>). <i>Ecotoxicology<\/i> 24: 94\u2013105.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-014-1361-0"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Diemer, T., Allen, J. A., Hales, K. H. and Hales, D. B. 2003. Reactive oxygen disrupts mitochondria in MA-10 tumor Leydig cells and inhibits steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and steroidogenesis. <i>Endocrinology<\/i> 144: 2882\u20132891.","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-0090"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Duzguner, V. and Erdogan, S. 2012. Chronic exposure to imidacloprid induces inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver &amp; central nervous system of rats. <i>Pestic. Biochem. Physiol.<\/i> 104: 58\u201364.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2012.06.011"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Hirano, T., Yanai, S., Omotehara, T., Hashimoto, R., Umemura, Y., Kubota, N., Minami, K., Nagahara, D., Matsuo, E., Aihara, Y., Shinohara, R., Furuyashiki, T., Mantani, Y., Yokoyama, T., Kitagawa, H. and Hoshi, N. 2015. The combined effect of clothianidin and environmental stress on the behavioral and reproductive function in male mice. <i>J. Vet. Med. Sci.<\/i> 77: 1207\u20131215.","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.15-0188"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Hoshi, N., Hirano, T., Omotehara, T., Tokumoto, J., Umemura, Y., Mantani, Y., Tanida, T., Warita, K., Tabuchi, Y., Yokoyama, T. and Kitagawa, H. 2014. Insight into the mechanism of reproductive dysfunction caused by neonicotinoid pesticides. <i>Biol. Pharm. Bull.<\/i> 37: 1439\u20131443.","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b14-00359"},{"key":"7","unstructured":"8. Jana, K., Samanta, P. K. and De, D. K. 2010. Nicotine diminishes testicular gametogenesis, steroidogenesis, and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression in adult albino rats: possible influence on pituitary gonadotropins and alteration of testicular antioxidant status. <i>Toxicol. Sci.<\/i> 116: 647\u2013659."},{"key":"8","unstructured":"9. Johnson, L., Dickerson, R., Safe, S. H., Nyberg, C. L., Lewis, R. P. and Welsh, T. H. Jr. 1992. Reduced Leydig cell volume and function in adult rats exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-<i>p<\/i>-dioxin without a significant effect on spermatogenesis. <i>Toxicology<\/i> 76: 103\u2013118."},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Johnston, H., Baker, P. J., Abel, M., Charlton, H. M., Jackson, G., Fleming, L., Kumar, T. 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Nicotinic cholinergic agonists inhibit androgen biosynthesis by cultured rat testicular cells. <i>Endocrinology<\/i> 117: 1874\u20131880.","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-117-5-1874"},{"key":"13","unstructured":"14. Keeney, D. S., Mendis-Handagama, S. M. L. C., Zirkin, B. R. and Ewing, L. L. 1988. Effect of long term deprivation of luteinizing hormone on Leydig cell volume, Leydig cell number, and steroidogenic capacity of the rat testis. <i>Endocrinology<\/i> 123: 2906\u20132915."},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Kimura-Kuroda, J., Komuta, Y., Kuroda, Y., Hayashi, M. and Kawano, H. 2012. Nicotine-like effects of the neonicotinoid insecticides acetamiprid and imidacloprid on cerebellar neurons from neonatal rats. <i>PLoS ONE<\/i> 7: e32432.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032432"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Li, P., Ann, J. and Akk, G. 2011. 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M., Gunsalus, G. L. and Lamperti, A. A. 1988. Evidence from Sertoli cell-depleted rats indicates that spermatid number in adults depends on numbers of Sertoli cells produced during perinatal development. <i>Endocrinology<\/i> 122: 787\u2013794.","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-122-3-787"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. O\u2019Shaughnessy, P. J. 2014. Testicular development. pp. 567\u2013594. <i>In<\/i>: Knobil and Neill\u2019s Physiology of Reproduction, 4th ed. (Plant, T. M. and Zeleznik, A. J. eds.), Academic Press, Cambridge.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-397175-3.00014-4"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. O\u2019Shaughnessy, P. J., Johnston, H., Willerton, L. and Baker, P. J. 2002. Failure of normal adult Leydig cell development in androgen-receptor-deficient mice. <i>J. Cell Sci.<\/i> 115: 3491\u20133496.","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.115.17.3491"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. O\u2019Shaughnessy, P. J., Monteiro, A. and Abel, M. 2012. Testicular development in mice lacking receptors for follicle stimulating hormone and androgen. <i>PLoS ONE<\/i> 7: e35136.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035136"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Sano, K., Isobe, T., Yang, J., Win-Shwe, T. T., Yoshikane, M., Nakayama, S. F., Kawashima, T., Suzuki, G., Hashimoto, S., Nohara, K., Tohyama, C. and Maekawa, F. 2016. <i>In utero<\/i> and lactational exposure to acetamiprid induces abnormalities in socio-sexual and anxiety-related behaviors of male mice. <i>Front. Neurosci.<\/i> 10: 228.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00228"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Sharpe, R. M., Walker, M., Millar, M. R., Atanassova, N., Morris, K., McKinnell, C., Saunders, P. T. K. and Fraser, H. M. 2000. Effect of neonatal gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist administration on sertoli cell number and testicular development in the marmoset: comparison with the rat. <i>Biol. Reprod.<\/i> 62: 1685\u20131693.","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod62.6.1685"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Tanaka, T. 2012. Reproductive and neurobehavioral effects of clothianidin administered to mice in the diet. <i>Birth Defects Res. B Dev. Reprod. Toxicol.<\/i> 95: 151\u2013159.","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.20349"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Tokumoto, J., Danjo, M., Kobayashi, Y., Kinoshita, K., Omotehara, T., Tatsumi, A., Hashiguchi, M., Sekijima, T., Kamisoyama, H., Yokoyama, T., Kitagawa, H. and Hoshi, N. 2013. Effects of exposure to clothianidin on the reproductive system of male quails. <i>J. Vet. Med. Sci.<\/i> 75: 755\u2013760.","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.12-0544"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Turner, T. T. and Lysiak, J. J. 2008. Oxidative stress: a common factor in testicular dysfunction. <i>J. Androl.<\/i> 29: 488\u2013498.","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.108.005132"},{"key":"27","unstructured":"28. Uneme, H., Konobe, M., Akayama, A., Yokota, T. and Mizuta, K. 2006. Discovery and development of a novel insecticide \u2018clothianidin\u2019. <i>Sumitomo Kagaku<\/i> 2: 1\u201314."},{"key":"28","unstructured":"29. Vergouwen, R. P. F. A., Jacobs, S. G. P. M., Huiskamp, R., Davids, J. A. G. and de Rooij, D. G. 1991. Proliferative activity of gonocytes, Sertoli cells and interstitial cells during testicular development in mice. <i>J. Reprod. Fertil.<\/i> 93: 233\u2013243."},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Vitale, R., Fawcett, D. W. and Dym, M. 1973. The normal development of the blood-testis barrier and the effects of clomiphene and estrogen treatment. <i>Anat. Rec.<\/i> 176: 331\u2013344.","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091760309"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. Yeh, J., Barbieri, R. L. and Friedman, A. J. 1989. Nicotine and cotinine inhibit rat testis androgen biosynthesis <i>in vitro<\/i>. <i>J. 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