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M. 1994. Ultrasonographic features of diffuse hepatocellular disorders in dairy cattle. <i>Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound<\/i> 35: 196\u2013200.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1994.tb01592.x"},{"key":"2","unstructured":"2. Al-Ani, F. K. 2004. The urinary system. pp. 263\u2013267. <i>In<\/i>: Camel Management and Diseases (Al-Ani, F. K. ed.), Al-Sharq printing press, Amman."},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Aljameel, M. A., Halima, M. O., ElTigani-Asil, A. E., Abdalla, A. S. and Abdellatif, M. M. 2014. Liver abscesses in dromedary camels: Pathological characteristics and aerobic bacterial aetiology. <i>Open Vet. J.<\/i> 4: 118\u2013123.","DOI":"10.5455\/OVJ.2014.v4.i2.p118"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Bobe, G., Amin, V. R., Hippen, A. R., She, P., Young, J. W. and Beitz, D. C. 2008. Non-invasive detection of fatty liver in dairy cows by digital analyses of hepatic ultrasonograms. <i>J. Dairy Res.<\/i> 75: 84\u201389.","DOI":"10.1017\/S002202990700297X"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Braun, U. 2009. Ultrasonography of the liver in cattle. <i>Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract.<\/i> 25: 591\u2013609.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2009.07.003"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Braun, U., Koller-Wild, K. and Bettschart-Wolfensberger, R. 2000. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous portocentesis in 21 cows. <i>Vet. Rec.<\/i> 147: 623\u2013626.","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.147.22.623"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Dor\u00e9, E., Fecteau, G., H\u00e9lie, P. and Francoz, D. 2007. Liver abscesses in Holstein dairy cattle: 18 cases (1992\u20132003). <i>J. Vet. Intern. Med.<\/i> 21: 853\u2013856.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb03031.x"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Fowler, M. E. 2010. Digestive system. pp. 351\u2013402. <i>In<\/i>: Medicine and Surgery of Camelids, 3rd ed. Blackwell Publishing, Ames.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118785706.ch13"},{"key":"9","unstructured":"9. Jamshidi, K. and Zahedi, A. 2014. An abattoir-based study on relative prevalence of histopathologic patterns of hepatic lesions in one-humped camels (<i>Camelus dromedarius<\/i>), Semnan, Iran. <i>Camel: Int. J. Vet. Sci.<\/i> 2: 1\u201310."},{"key":"10","unstructured":"10. K\u00f6hler-Rollefson, I., Mundy, P. and Mathias, E. 2001. A Field Manual of Camel Diseases: Traditional and modern Healthcare for the Dromedary. ITDG publishing, London, pp:1\u201367."},{"key":"11","unstructured":"11. Nakajima, J., Tharwat, M. and Sato, H. 2002. Ultrasound-guided puncture of portal and hepatic veins, and comparison of those blood profiles in cattle. <i>Anim. Sci. J.<\/i> 73: 33\u201338."},{"key":"12","unstructured":"12. Radostits, O. M., Gay, C. C. and Blood, D. C. 2007. Veterinary medicine. <i>In<\/i>: A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and Horses (Radostits, O. M., Gay, C. C., Blood, D. C. and Hinchcliff, K. W. eds.), W.B. Saunders, London."},{"key":"13","unstructured":"13. Salem, S. I. and Azza, H. M. 2011. Clinicopathological, cytological and histopathological studies on liver and kidney affections in camels. <i>Glob. Vet.<\/i> 7: 557\u2013571."},{"key":"14","unstructured":"14. Smith, B. P. 2002. Large Animal Internal Medicine, 3rd ed. Mosby, St. Louis."},{"key":"15","unstructured":"15. Smuts, M. M. S. and Bezuidenhout, A. J. 1987. Anatomy of the Dromedary. Clarendon Press, Toronto, Oxford University Press, Oxford."},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Tharwat, M. 2012. Ultrasonographic findings in cattle and buffaloes with chronic hepatic fascioliosis. <i>Trop. Anim. Health Prod.<\/i> 44: 1555\u20131560.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-012-0105-5"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Tharwat, M. 2012. Ultrasonography as a diagnostic and prognostic approach in cattle and buffaloes with fatty infiltration of the liver. <i>Pol. J. Vet. Sci.<\/i> 15: 83\u201393.","DOI":"10.2478\/v10181-011-0118-4"},{"key":"18","unstructured":"18. Tharwat, M. 2013. Ultrasonographic findings in camels (<i>Camelus dromedarius<\/i>) with trypanosomiasis. <i>J. Camel Pract. Res.<\/i> 20: 283\u2013287."},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Tharwat, M. 2013. Ultrasonography of the lungs and pleura in healthy camels (Camelus dromedarius). <i>Acta Vet. Hung.<\/i> 61: 309\u2013318.","DOI":"10.1556\/AVet.2013.019"},{"key":"20","unstructured":"20. Tharwat, M. 2019. Chronic peritonitis in dromedary camels: clinical, hematobiochemical, ultrasonographic and pathologic findings. <i>J. Camel Pract. Res.<\/i> 26: 169\u2013172."},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Tharwat, M. 2019. Multiple splenic abscessations in a camel: case report. <i>J. Camel Pract. Res.<\/i> 26: 273\u2013276.","DOI":"10.5958\/2277-8934.2019.00044.4"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Tharwat, M., Al-Sobayil, F., Ali, A. and Buczinski, S. 2012. Echocardiography of the normal camel (Camelus dromedaries) heart: technique and cardiac dimensions. <i>BMC Vet. Res.<\/i> 8: 130.","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-8-130"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Tharwat, M., Al-Sobayil, F., Ali, A. and Buczinski, S. 2012. Transabdominal ultrasonographic appearance of the gastrointestinal viscera of healthy camels (<i>Camelus dromedaries<\/i>). <i>Res. Vet. Sci.<\/i> 93: 1015\u20131020.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2011.12.003"},{"key":"24","unstructured":"24. Tharwat, M., Al-Sobayil, F., Ali, A. and Buczinski, S. 2012. Ultrasonography of the liver and kidneys of healthy camels (<i>Camelus dromedarius<\/i>). <i>Can. Vet. J.<\/i> 53: 1273\u20131278."},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Tharwat, M., Al-Sobayil, F., Ali, A. and Buczinski, S. 2012. Ultrasonographic evaluation of abdominal distension in 52 camels (<i>Camelus dromedarius<\/i>). <i>Res. Vet. Sci.<\/i> 93: 448\u2013456.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2011.07.009"},{"key":"26","unstructured":"26. Tharwat, M., Al-Sobayil, F., Ali, A., Derar, D. and Khodeir, M. 2017. Renal cell carcinoma in a female Arabian camel: clinical, hematobiochemical, ultrasonographic and pathologic findings. <i>J. Camel Pract. Res.<\/i> 24: 61\u201366."},{"key":"27","unstructured":"27. Tharwat, M., Al-Sobayil, F., Ali, A., Hashad, M. and Buczinski, S. 2012. Clinical, ultrasonographic, and pathologic findings in 70 camels (<i>Camelus dromedarius<\/i>) with Johne\u2019s disease. <i>Can. Vet. J.<\/i> 53: 543\u2013548."},{"key":"28","unstructured":"28. Tharwat, M., Al-Sobayil, F., Ali, A., Thomas Wittel, T. and Floeck, M. 2012. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided portocentesis in camels (<i>Camelus dromedarius<\/i>). <i>J. Camel Pract. Res.<\/i> 19: 193\u2013196."},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Tharwat, M., Al-Sobayil, F. and Buczinski, S. 2012. Ultrasound-guided hepatic and renal biopsy in camels (<i>Camelus dromedarius<\/i>): Technique development and assessment of the safety. <i>Small Rumin. Res.<\/i> 103: 211\u2013219.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2011.09.006"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Tharwat, M. and Al-Sobayil, F. 2016. Ultrasonographic findings in camels (<i>Camelus dromedarius<\/i>) with abdominal disorders. <i>J. Camel Pract. Res.<\/i> 23: 291\u2013299.","DOI":"10.5958\/2277-8934.2016.00049.7"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. Tharwat, M. and Al-Sobayil, F. 2016. Ultrasonographic findings in camels (<i>Camelus dromedarius<\/i>) with different urinary affections. <i>J. Camel Pract. Res.<\/i> 23: 301\u2013308.","DOI":"10.5958\/2277-8934.2016.00050.3"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Tharwat, M. and Al-Sobayil, F. 2016. Ultrasonographic findings in camel calves (<i>Camelus dromedarius<\/i>) with thoracic affections. <i>J. Camel Pract. Res.<\/i> 23: 287\u2013290.","DOI":"10.5958\/2277-8934.2016.00048.5"},{"key":"33","unstructured":"33. Tharwat, M., El-Shafaey, E., Sadan, M., Ali, A., Al-Sobayil, F. and Al-Hawas, A. 2018. Gastric adenocarcinoma in a female Arabian camel (<i>Camelus dromedaries<\/i>): clinical, hematobiochemical, ultrasonographic and pathologic findings. <i>J. Appl. Anim. Res.<\/i> 46: 1268\u20131271."},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Tharwat, M., Oikawa, S., Iwasaki, Y., Mizunuma, Y., Takehana, K., Endoh, D., Kurosawa, T. and Sato, H. 2004. Lipid profiles in the portal and hepatic blood and bile acid extraction rate in the liver of cows with fasting-induced hepatic lipidosis. <i>J. Vet. Med. A Physiol. Pathol. Clin. 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Bilateral renal abscessation and chronic active pyelonephritis in a male camel (<i>Camelus dromedarius<\/i>) caused by <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>. <i>J. Vet. Med. Sci.<\/i> 80: 778\u2013783.","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.17-0484"},{"key":"38","unstructured":"38. Tharwat, M., Sadan, M., El-Shafaey, E., Al-Hawas, A. and Saeed, E. M. A. 2018. Unilateral nephrectomy in a female dromedary camel with pyelonephritis caused by <i>Staphylococcus lugdunensis<\/i>. <i>Pak. Vet. J.<\/i> 38: 116\u2013118."},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. Tharwat, M., Sato, H., Kurosawa, T. and Oikawa, S. 2002. Bile acid extraction rate in the liver of cows fed high-fat diet and lipid profiles in the portal and hepatic veins. <i>J. Vet. Med. A Physiol. Pathol. Clin. Med.<\/i> 49: 151\u2013156.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0442.2002.00437.x"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40. Tharwat, M., Sato, H., Kurosawa, T. and Oikawa, S. 2004. Ultrasonographic localisation of thrombi in the caudal vena cava and hepatic veins in a heifer. <i>Vet. 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