{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T20:55:30Z","timestamp":1781556930367,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Japanese Society of Veterinary Science","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Vet. Med. Sci.","The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.22-0070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T22:11:26Z","timestamp":1708553486000},"page":"440-450","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Quantitative analysis of the skull in the Japanese wolf (&lt;i&gt;Canis lupus            hodophilax&lt;\/i&gt;) using CT"],"prefix":"10.1292","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Chihiro","family":"SUZUKI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido,              Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoki","family":"SASAKI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido,              Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nao","family":"TSUZUKI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido,              Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsunori","family":"KAYANO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido,              Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazutaka","family":"YAMADA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naotaka","family":"ISHIGURO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Miura, Kanagawa,              Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"SUZUKI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, Kanagawa,              Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"TARU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, Kanagawa,              Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"MATSUDA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oyodo-cho Town Official Board of Education, Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"ENDO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoaki","family":"KIKUCHI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hokkaido Chuo Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Hokkaido,              Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaoru","family":"KIKUCHI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kikuchi Veterinary Clinic, Iwate, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuo","family":"KITAMURA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido,              Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"122","reference":[{"key":"1","unstructured":"1. Abe              Y. 1930.            On the Corean and Japanese wolves. <i>J Sci              Hiroshima Univ Ser B Div<\/i>          1: 33\u201337."},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Badlangana              NL, Adams              JW, Manger              PR. 2011.            A comparative assessment of the size of the frontal air sinus in the            giraffe (<i>Giraffa camelopardalis<\/i>). <i>Anat              Rec (Hoboken)<\/i>          294: 931\u2013940.","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.21401"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Bruner              E, Manzi              G, Arsuaga              JL. 2003.            Encephalization and allometric trajectories in the genus Homo: evidence            from the Neandertal and modern lineages. <i>Proc Natl Acad              Sci USA<\/i>          100: 15335\u201315340.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2536671100"},{"key":"4","unstructured":"4. Cole              LK. 2010.            Anatomy and physiology of the canine ear.              <i>Vet Dermatol<\/i>          21: 221\u2013231."},{"key":"5","unstructured":"5. Culluton-Brock              J. 1995. Origins          of the dog: domestication and early history. pp. 7\u201320. In: The Domestic Dog, Its          Evolution, Behavior and Interaction with People (Serpell J ed.), Cambridge University          Press, Cambridge."},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Curtis              AA, Van                Valkenburgh              B. 2014.            Beyond the sniffer: frontal sinuses in Carnivora.              <i>Anat Rec (Hoboken)<\/i>          297: 2047\u20132064.","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23025"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Curtis              AA, Orke              M, Tetradis              S, Van                Valkenburgh              B. 2017.            Diet-related differences in craniodental morphology between            captive-reared and wild coyotes, <i>Canis latrans<\/i> (Carnivora:            Canidae). <i>Biol J Linn Soc Lond<\/i>          123: 677\u2013693.","DOI":"10.1093\/biolinnean\/blx161"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Czeibert              K, Sommese              A, Petneh\u00e1zy              \u00d6, Cs\u00f6rg\u0151              T, Kubinyi              E. 2020.            Digital endocasting in comparative canine brain            morphology. <i>Front Vet Sci<\/i>          7: 565315.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.565315"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Defalque              VE,                Rosenstein              DS, Rosser              EJ              Jr          2005. Measurement of normal middle ear cavity volume in            mesaticephalic dogs. <i>Vet Radiol            Ultrasound<\/i>          46: 490\u2013493.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2005.00089.x"},{"key":"10","unstructured":"10. Endo              K. 2018. The Last          Time of Japanese Wolf: Wolf Sake, Wolf Hunting, Discovery of Wolf Festa, Yama-kei          Publishers Co., Ltd., Tokyo (in Japanese)."},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Endo              H, Obara              I, Yoshida              T, Kurohmaru              M, Hayashi              Y, Suzuki              N. 1997.            Osteometrical and CT examination of the Japanese wolf            skull. <i>J Vet Med Sci<\/i>          59: 531\u2013538.","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.59.531"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Endo              H, Sakai              T, Ito              T, Koie              Y, Kimura              J. 2004.            Osteological examination and image analysis of a cranium of the Japanese            wolf found at private house in Yamanashi Prefecture. <i>J              Zoo Wildl Med<\/i>          9: 109\u2013114 (in Japanese with            English abstract).","DOI":"10.5686\/jjzwm.9.109"},{"key":"13","unstructured":"13. Evans              DC. 2005.            New evidence on brain-endocranial cavity relationships in ornithischian            dinosaurs. <i>Acta Palaeontol Pol<\/i>          50: 617\u2013622."},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Gojobori              J, Arakawa              N, Xiayire              X, Matsumoto              Y, Matsumura              S, Hongo              H, Ishiguro              N, Terai              Y. 2024.            The Japanese wolves are most closely related dogs and share DNA with East            Eurasian dogs. <i>Nat Commun<\/i> (In Press).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46124-y"},{"key":"15","unstructured":"15. Hiraiwa              Y. 1992. The          Wolf: The Ecology and History, Tsukiji Shokan Publishing Co., Ltd., Tokyo (in            Japanese)."},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Iljin              NA. 1941.            Wolf-dog genetics. <i>J            Genet<\/i>          42: 359\u2013414.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02982879"},{"key":"17","unstructured":"17. Imaizumi              Y. 1970.            Systematic status of the extinct Japanese wolf, <i>Canis              hodophilax<\/i>: 1. Identification of specimens. <i>J              Mammal Soc Jpn<\/i>          5: 27\u201332 (in Japanese with English            abstract)."},{"key":"18","unstructured":"18. Imaizumi              Y. 1970.            Systematic status of the extinct Japanese wolf, <i>Canis              hodophilax<\/i>: 2. Similarity relationship of <i>hodophilax<\/i> among            species of the genus <i>Canis<\/i>. <i>J Mammal              Soc Jpn<\/i>          5: 62\u201366 (in Japanese with English            abstract)."},{"key":"19","unstructured":"19. Imaizumi              Y. 1988. The          Theory of Mammal Evolution, Newton Press Publishing, Tokyo (in            Japanese)."},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Ishiguro              N. 2012.            Phylogenetic analysis of extinct wolves in Japan.              <i>Nippon Juishikai Zasshi<\/i>          65: 225\u2013231 (in          Japanese).","DOI":"10.12935\/jvma.65.225"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Ishiguro              N, Inoshima              Y, Sasaki              M. 2017.            Computed tomography examination and mitochondrial DNA analysis of            Japanese wolf skull covered with skin. <i>J Vet Med              Sci<\/i>          79: 14\u201317.","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.16-0429"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Ishiguro              N, Inoshima              Y, Shigehara              N. 2009.            Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the Japanese wolf (Canis lupus hodophilax            Temminck, 1839) and comparison with representative wolf and domestic dog            haplotypes. <i>Zool Sci<\/i>          26: 765\u2013770.","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.26.765"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Ishiguro              N, Inoshima              Y, Yanai              T, Sasaki              M, Matsui              A, Kikuchi              H, Maruyama              M, Hongo              H, Vostretsov              YE, Gasilin              V, Kosintsev              PA, Quanjia              C, Chunxue              W. 2016.            Japanese wolves are genetically divided into two groups based on an            8-nucleotide insertion\/deletion within the mtDNA control region.              <i>Zool Sci<\/i>          33: 44\u201349.","DOI":"10.2108\/zs150110"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Ishiguro              N, Matsumura              S, Terai              Y, Hongo              H. 2021.            The mystery of Japanese wolves called ookami or yamainu in the Siebold            collection. <i>Nippon Juishikai Zasshi<\/i>          74: 389\u2013395 (in          Japanese).","DOI":"10.12935\/jvma.74.389"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Iurino              DA, Mecozzi              B, Iannucci              A, Moscarella              A, Strani              F, Bona              F, Gaeta              M, Sardella              R. 2022.            A Middle Pleistocene wolf from central Italy provides insights on the            first occurrence of <i>Canis lupus<\/i> in Europe.              <i>Sci Rep<\/i>          12: 2882.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06812-5"},{"key":"26","unstructured":"26. Kawabe              S. 2015.            Fossil research using computed tomography scanner: Introduction to            pareoneurology. <i>Earth Sci (Paris)<\/i>          69: 241\u2013248 (in          Japanese)."},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Kawabe              S, Ando              T, Endo              H. 2014.            Enigmatic affinity in the brain morphology between plotopterids and            penguins, with a comprehensive comparison among water birds.              <i>Zool J Linn Soc<\/i>          170: 467\u2013493.","DOI":"10.1111\/zoj.12072"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Kawabe              S, Shimokawa              T, Miki              H, Okamoto              T, Matsuda              S, Itou              T, Koie              H, Kitagawa              M, Sakai              T, Hosojima              M, Endo              H. 2013.            Relationship between brain volume and brain width in mammals and            birds. <i>Paleontol Res<\/i>          17: 282\u2013293.","DOI":"10.2517\/1342-8144-17.3.282"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Kruska              DC. 2005.            On the evolutionary significance of encephalization in some eutherian            mammals: effects of adaptive radiation, domestication, and feralization.              <i>Brain Behav Evol<\/i>          65: 73\u2013108.","DOI":"10.1159\/000082979"},{"key":"30","unstructured":"30. Lyras              GA, Van der                Geer              AA,                Dermitzakis              MD. 2001.            Evolution of the brain of Plio-Pleistocene wolves.              <i>Cranium<\/i>          18: 30\u201340."},{"key":"31","unstructured":"31. Lyras              GA. 2009.            The evolution of the brain in Canidae (Mammalia:            Carnivora). <i>Scr Geol<\/i>          139: 1\u201393."},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Macdonald              DW,                Sillero-Zubri              C. 2004. Dramatis          personae: wild canids-an introduction and dramatis personae. pp. 3\u201336. In: Biology and          Conservation of Wild Canids (Macdonald DW, Sillero-Zubri C eds.), Oxford University Press,          Oxford.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198515562.003.0001"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Malkemper              EP, Mason              MJ, Burda              H. 2020.            Functional anatomy of the middle and inner ears of the red fox, in            comparison to domestic dogs and cats. <i>J            Anat<\/i>          236: 980\u2013995.","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13159"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Matsumura              S, Inoshima              Y, Ishiguro              N. 2014.            Reconstructing the colonization history of lost wolf lineages by the            analysis of the mitochondrial genome. <i>Mol Phylogenet              Evol<\/i>          80: 105\u2013112.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2014.08.004"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35. Matsumura              S, Terai              Y, Hongo              H, Ishiguro              N. 2021.            Analysis of the mitochondrial genome of Japanese wolf specimens in the            Siebold collection, Leiden. <i>Zool Sci<\/i>          38: 60\u201366.","DOI":"10.2108\/zs200019"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36. Mech              LD. 1974.            Canis lupus. <i>Mamm            Species<\/i>          37: 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.2307\/3503924"},{"key":"37","unstructured":"37. Miyamoto              F, Maki              I. 1982.            On the repaired specimen of Japanese wolf (<i>Canis lupus              hodophilax<\/i> TEMMINCK) and its skull newly taken out.              <i>Bull Fac Ed Wakayama Univ Nat Sci<\/i>          32: 9\u201316(in Japanese with English            abstract)."},{"key":"38","unstructured":"38. Naora              N.          1965. On Wolves in Japan, Azakura-shobo, Tokyo (in Japanese with English          abstract)."},{"key":"39","unstructured":"39. Obara              I. 1990.            Skull of Japanese wolf, <i>Canis hodophilax<\/i>, preserved as            old private houses in Atsugi-shi and Kiyokawa-mura, Kanagawa Prefecture.              <i>Nat Hist Rep Kanagawa<\/i>          11: 53\u201365 (in          Japanese)."},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40. O\u2019Keefe              FR, Binder              WJ, Frost              SR, Sadlier              RW, Van                Valkenburgh              B. 2014.            Cranial morphometrics of the dire wolf, <i>Canis dirus<\/i>, at            Rancho La Brea: temporal variability and its links to nutrient stress and            climate. <i>Palaeontol Electronica<\/i>          17: 17A.","DOI":"10.26879\/437"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41. Pang              JF, Kluetsch              C, Zou              XJ, Zhang              AB, Luo              LY, Angleby              H, Ardalan              A, Ekstr\u00f6m              C, Sk\u00f6llermo              A, Lundeberg              J, Matsumura              S, Leitner              T, Zhang              YP,                Savolainen              P. 2009.            mtDNA data indicate a single origin for dogs south of Yangtze River, less            than 16,300 years ago, from numerous wolves. <i>Mol Biol              Evol<\/i>          26: 2849\u20132864.","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msp195"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42. Pocock              RI. 1935.            The races of <i>Canis lupus<\/i>.              <i>J Zool<\/i>          105: 658\u2013689.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1935.tb01687.x"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43. Rosowski              JJ, Ravicz              ME, Teoh              SW,                Flandermeyer              D. 1999.            Measurements of middle-ear function in the Mongolian gerbil, a            specialized mammalian ear. <i>Audiol            Neurootol<\/i>          4: 129\u2013136.","DOI":"10.1159\/000013831"},{"key":"44","unstructured":"44. Saito              H. 1938.            Skeletal specimen of yamainu and other data discovered at National Museum            of Natural History and Science, Tokyo. <i>Hakubutuan              Kenkyu<\/i>          11: 2\u20137 (in          Japanese)."},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"45. Sakai              ST, Whitt              B, Arsznov              BM, Lundrigan              BL. 2018.            Endocranial development in the Coyote (<i>Canis latrans<\/i>)            and Gray Wolf (<i>Canis lupus<\/i>): a computed tomographic            study. <i>Brain Behav Evol<\/i>          91: 65\u201381.","DOI":"10.1159\/000487427"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46. Savolainen              P, Zhang              YP, Luo              J, Lundeberg              J, Leitner              T. 2002.            Genetic evidence for an East Asian origin of domestic            dogs. <i>Science<\/i>          298: 1610\u20131613.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1073906"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"47. Sharp              AC. 2016.            A quantitative comparative analysis of the size of the frontoparietal            sinuses and brain in vombatiform marsupials. <i>Mem Mus              Vic<\/i>          74: 331\u2013342.","DOI":"10.24199\/j.mmv.2016.74.23"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"48. Sharp              AC, Rich              TH. 2016.            Cranial biomechanics, bite force and function of the endocranial sinuses            in <i>Diprotodon optatum<\/i>, the largest known marsupial.              <i>J Anat<\/i>          228: 984\u2013995.","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12456"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"49. Smith              BP, Lucas              TA, Norris              M, Henneberg              M. 2018.            Brain size\/body weight in the dingo (<i>Canis dingo<\/i>):            comparisons with domestic and wild canids. <i>Aust J              Zool<\/i>          65: 292\u2013301.","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO17040"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"50. Tanner              JB, Dumont              ER, Sakai              ST, Lundrigan              BL, Holekamp              KE. 2008.            Of arcs and vaults: the biomechanics of bone-cracking in spotted hyenas              (<i>Crocuta crocuta<\/i>). <i>Biol J Linn Soc              Lond<\/i>          95: 246\u2013255.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2008.01052.x"},{"key":"51","unstructured":"51. Tasumi              M. 1991.            Reality of Japanese wolf as investigated from the skull            remains. <i>Bone<\/i>          6: 119\u2013128 (in          Japanese)."},{"key":"52","unstructured":"52. von den                Driesch              A. 1976. A Guide          to the Measurement of Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites, Harvard University Press,          Cambridge."},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"53. Vonholdt              BM, Pollinger              JP,                Lohmueller              KE, Han              E, Parker              HG, Quignon              P, Degenhardt              JD, Boyko              AR, Earl              DA, Auton              A, Reynolds              A, Bryc              K, Brisbin              A, Knowles              JC, Mosher              DS, Spady              TC, Elkahloun              A, Geffen              E, Pilot              M,                Jedrzejewski              W, Greco              C, Randi              E, Bannasch              D, Wilton              A, Shearman              J, Musiani              M, Cargill              M, Jones              PG, Qian              Z, Huang              W, Ding              ZL, Zhang              YP,                Bustamante              CD, Ostrander              EA, Novembre              J, Wayne              RK. 2010.            Genome-wide SNP and haplotype analyses reveal a rich history underlying            dog domestication. <i>Nature<\/i>          464: 898\u2013902.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08837"},{"key":"54","unstructured":"54. Walker              BL. 2005. The          Lost Wolves of Japan, University of Washington Press, Washington."},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"55. Wang              X, Tedford              RH. 2008. Dogs:          Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History, Columbia University Press, New          York.","DOI":"10.7312\/wang13528"},{"key":"56","unstructured":"56. Yoshida              T, Endo              H, Kurohmaru              M, Hayashi              Y. 1999.            Identification of the Japanese wolf skull in the 3D morphometrical            method. <i>Honyurui Kagaku<\/i>          39: 239\u2013246 (in Japanese with            English abstract)."}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Medical Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jvms\/86\/4\/86_22-0070\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]],"date-time":"2024-04-13T04:23:18Z","timestamp":1712982198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jvms\/86\/4\/86_22-0070\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1292\/jvms.22-0070","relation":{},"ISSN":["0916-7250","1347-7439"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0916-7250","type":"print"},{"value":"1347-7439","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"article-number":"22-0070"}}