{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T05:15:58Z","timestamp":1783142158708,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"BMFH Press","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81874460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81874460"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.12938\/bmfh.2026-027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T22:10:39Z","timestamp":1778537439000},"page":"225-236","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Tongxie Yaofang formula on the gut microbiota of diarrhea model mice: a combined strategy of network pharmacology, molecular docking, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing"],"prefix":"10.12938","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Qin","family":"LIU","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese              Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiying","family":"LIU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangmen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong,              China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiyi","family":"PENG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese              Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"YUAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Qingdao Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine,              Qingdao, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"SHU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha,              Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhoujin","family":"TAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese              Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"5076","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Bao              Y, Han              X, Liu              D, Tan              Z, Deng              Y. 2022.            Gut microbiota: the key to the treatment of metabolic syndrome in            traditional Chinese medicine\u2014a case study of diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver            disease. Front Immunol 13: 1072376.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1072376"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Peng              H, Peng              X, Liu              Q, Deng              N, Xie              X, Tan              Z. 2026.            Novel insights into diarrhea mechanism from gut-kidney axis perspective:            correlations among intestinal mucosal injury, AQP4 water transport disorder and gut            microbiota dysbiosis. 3 Biotech 16:            148.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-026-04774-3"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. De Vadder              F, Grasset              E, Manner\u00e5s                Holm              L, Karsenty              G, Macpherson              AJ, Olofsson              LE, B\u00e4ckhed              F. 2018.            Gut microbiota regulates maturation of the adult enteric nervous system            via enteric serotonin networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci            USA 115: 6458\u20136463.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1720017115"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Zhou              Y, Zhang              D, Cheng              H, Wu              J, Liu              J, Feng              W, Peng              C. 2024.            Repairing gut barrier by traditional Chinese medicine: roles of gut            microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 14: 1389925.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1389925"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Dong              L, Du              H, Zhang              M, Xu              H, Pu              X, Chen              Q, Luo              R, Hu              Y, Wang              Y, Tu              H, et            al. 2022. Anti-inflammatory effect of            Rhein on ulcerative colitis via inhibiting PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR signaling pathway and            regulating gut microbiota. Phytother Res 36: 2081\u20132094.","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7429"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Tang              X, Huang              Y, Zhu              Y, Xu              Y. 2025.            Immune dysregulation in ulcerative colitis: pathogenic mechanisms and            therapeutic strategies of traditional Chinese medicine. Front            Cell Dev Biol 13: 1610435.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1610435"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Song              S, Fan              M, Wen              X, Shi              X, Lou              Y, He              Z, Wen              C, Shao              T. 2023.            Integrated network pharmacology and gut microbiome analysis to reveal the            mechanism of Qu-Zhuo-Tong-Bi decoction against hyperuricemia and gout.            J Ethnopharmacol 316: 116736.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116736"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Zheng              Y, Zeng              X, Chen              P, Chen              T, Peng              W, Su              W. 2020.            Integrating pharmacology and gut microbiota analysis to explore the            mechanism of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium against reserpine-induced spleen deficiency            in rats. Front Pharmacol 11:            586350.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.586350"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Shao              H, Wang              L, Zhang              H. 2024.            Chinese herbal medicine, Tongxieyaofang, alleviates diarrhea via gut            microbiota remodeling: evidence from network pharmacology and full-length 16S rRNA gene            sequencing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 14: 1502373.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1502373"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Li              J, Cui              H, Cai              Y, Lin              J, Song              X, Zhou              Z, Xiong              W, Zhou              H, Bian              Y, Wang              L. 2018.            Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang regulates 5-HT level in diarrhea predominant irritable            bowel syndrome through gut microbiota modulation. Front            Pharmacol 9: 1110.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01110"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Zhu              H, Wang              R, Hua              H, Cheng              Y, Guo              Y, Qian              H, Du              P. 2022.            Network pharmacology exploration reveals gut microbiota modulation as a            common therapeutic mechanism for anti-fatigue effect treated with Maca compounds            prescription. Nutrients 14:            1533.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14081533"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Guo              Q, Ni              C, Li              L, Li              M, Jiang              X, Gao              L, Zhu              H, Song              J. 2022.            Integrated traditional Chinese medicine improves functional outcome in            acute ischemic stroke: from clinic to mechanism exploration with gut            microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 12: 827129.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.827129"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Lv              WJ, Huang              JY, Lin              J, Ma              YM, He              SQ, Zhang              YW, Wang              TZ, Cheng              K, Xiong              Y, Sun              FG, et            al. 2023. Phytosterols alleviate            hyperlipidemia by regulating gut microbiota and cholesterol metabolism in            mice. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2023:            6409385.","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/6409385"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Yuan              Z, Zhang              C, Peng              X, Shu              L, Long              C, Tan              Z. 2020.            Intestinal microbiota characteristics of mice treated with <i>Folium              senna<\/i> decoction gavage combined with restraint and tail pinch            stress. 3 Biotech 10:            180.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-020-02172-x"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Zhang              C, Shao              H, Peng              X, Liu              T, Tan              Z. 2020.            Microbiotal characteristics colonized in intestinal mucosa of mice with            diarrhoea and repeated stress. 3 Biotech 10: 372.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-020-02368-1"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Cheng              L, Qi              C, Yang              H, Lu              M, Cai              Y, Fu              T, Ren              J, Jin              Q, Zhang              X. 2022.            gutMGene: a comprehensive database for target genes of gut microbes and            microbial metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res 50 D1: D795\u2013D800.","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab786"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Song              J, Yang              L, Su              S, Piao              MY, Li              BL, Liang              LX, Zuo              GW, Tang              ZM, Long              YQ, Chen              XL, et            al. 2020. The diagnosis performance of            the TCM syndromes of irritable bowel syndrome by gastroenterologists based on modified            simple criteria compared to TCM practitioners: a prospective, multicenter, preliminary            study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2020: 9507674.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9507674"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Frank              JA, Reich              CI, Sharma              S, Weisbaum              JS, Wilson              BA, Olsen              GJ. 2008.            Critical evaluation of two primers commonly used for amplification of            bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Appl Environ            Microbiol 74: 2461\u20132470.","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02272-07"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Callahan              BJ, Wong              J, Heiner              C, Oh              S, Theriot              CM, Gulati              AS, McGill              SK, Dougherty              MK. 2019.            High-throughput amplicon sequencing of the full-length 16S rRNA gene with            single-nucleotide resolution. Nucleic Acids Res 47: e103.","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz569"},{"key":"20","unstructured":"20. Liu              YW, Wu              Y, Hui              HY, Tan              ZJ. 2020.            Establishment of a mouse model of Ganqichengpi diarrhea and the efficacy            of Tongxieyaofang prescription. Chin J Appl Environ            Biol 26:          1023\u20131027."},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Cheng              J, Hu              H, Ju              Y, Liu              J, Wang              M, Liu              B, Zhang              Y. 2024.            Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and depression: deep            insight into biological mechanisms and potential applications.            Gen Psychiatr 37: e101374.","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2023-101374"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Liu              M, Sun              H, Fu              H, Fu              L, Zheng              X, Chen              Y. 2024.            7-hydroxycoumarin ameliorates ulcerative colitis in mice by inhibiting            the MAPK pathway and alleviating gut microbiota dysbiosis. BMC            Gastroenterol 24: 405.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-024-03499-y"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Li              SZ, Zhang              NN, Yang              X, Huang              TQ, Lin              Y, Jiang              ZM, Yi              Y, Liu              EH. 2023.            Nobiletin ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating gut            microbiota and myristoleic acid metabolism. J Agric Food            Chem 71: 7312\u20137323.","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c08637"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Hays              KE,                Pfaffinger              JM, Ryznar              R. 2024.            The interplay between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and            implications for host health and disease. Gut            Microbes 16: 2393270.","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2393270"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Yilmaz              B, Juillerat              P, \u00d8y\u00e5s              O, Ramon              C, Bravo              FD, Franc              Y, Fournier              N, Michetti              P, Mueller              C, Geuking              M, et            al. Swiss IBD Cohort            Investigators 2019. Microbial network            disturbances in relapsing refractory Crohn\u2019s disease. Nat            Med 25: 323\u2013336.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0308-z"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Miao              S, Li              J, Chen              Y, Zhao              W, Xu              M, Liu              F, Zou              X, Dong              X. 2024.            Targeting gut microbiota and metabolism profiles with coated sodium            butyrate to ameliorate high-energy and low-protein diet-induced intestinal barrier            dysfunction in laying hens. Anim Nutr 19: 104\u2013116.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2024.06.006"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Hodgkinson              K, El Abbar              F,                Dobranowski              P, Manoogian              J, Butcher              J, Figeys              D, Mack              D, Stintzi              A. 2023.            Butyrate\u2019s role in human health and the current progress towards its            clinical application to treat gastrointestinal disease. Clin            Nutr 42: 61\u201375.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.10.024"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Han              B, Shi              L, Bao              MY, Yu              FL, Zhang              Y, Lu              XY, Wang              Y, Li              DX, Lin              JC, Jia              W, et            al. 2024. Dietary ellagic acid therapy            for CNS autoimmunity: targeting on <i>Alloprevotella<\/i><i>rava<\/i>            and propionate metabolism. Microbiome 12: 114.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-024-01819-8"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Stoeva              MK, Garcia-So              J, Justice              N, Myers              J, Tyagi              S, Nemchek              M, McMurdie              PJ, Kolterman              O, Eid              J. 2021.            Butyrate-producing human gut symbiont, <i>Clostridium              butyricum<\/i>, and its role in health and disease. Gut            Microbes 13: 1\u201328.","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1907272"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Ha              S, Zhang              X, Yu              J. 2024.            Probiotics intervention in colorectal cancer: from traditional approaches            to novel strategies. Chin Med J (Engl) 137: 8\u201320.","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002955"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. Wang              Z, Tang              WHW,                O\u2019Connell              T, Garcia              E, Jeyarajah              EJ, Li              XS, Jia              X, Weeks              TL, Hazen              SL. 2022.            Circulating trimethylamine N-oxide levels following fish or seafood            consumption. Eur J Nutr 61:            2357\u20132364.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-022-02803-4"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Dong              Y, Gai              Z, Han              M, Xu              J, Zou              K. 2025.            Reduction in serum concentrations of uremic toxins driven by              <i>Bifidobacterium longu<\/i>m subsp. <i>longum<\/i> BL21 is            associated with gut microbiota changes in a rat model of chronic kidney            disease. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 17: 1893\u20131904.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-024-10293-5"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Xie              S, Fang              L, Deng              N, Shen              J, Tan              Z, Peng              X. 2024.            Targeting the gut-kidney axis in diarrhea with kidney-yang deficiency            syndrome: the role of Sishen pills in regulating TMAO-mediated inflammatory            response. Med Sci Monit 30:            e944185.","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.944185"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Liang              L, Liu              L, Zhou              W, Yang              C, Mai              G, Li              H, Chen              Y. 2022.            Gut microbiota-derived butyrate regulates gut mucus barrier repair by            activating the macrophage\/WNT\/ERK signaling pathway. Clin Sci            (Lond) 136: 291\u2013307.","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20210778"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35. Zhang              J, Liu              Q, Gu              F, Li              Y, Chen              H, Liu              M, Zhou              Y, Liu              H, Wei              X, Liu              G. 2024.              <i>In vivo<\/i> evaluations of            <i>Lactobacillus<\/i>-fermented <i>Eucheuma spinosum<\/i>            polysaccharides on alleviating food allergy activity. Food            Funct 15: 5895\u20135907.","DOI":"10.1039\/D4FO00991F"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36. Feng              M, Cheng              J, Su              Y, Tong              J, Wen              X, Jin              T, Ren              M, Song              D, Song              J, Li              X, et            al. 2024. <i>Lactobacillus              agilis<\/i> SNF7 presents excellent antibacteria and anti-inflammation properties            in mouse diarrhea induced by <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>.            Int J Mol Sci 25: 13660.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252413660"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37. Yang              YH, Chen              C, Zheng              Y, Wu              ZJ, Zhou              MQ, Liu              XY, Miyashita              K, Duan              DL, Du              L. 2024.            Fucoxanthin alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and gut            microbiota dysbiosis in mice. J Agric Food Chem 72: 4142\u20134154.","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c08811"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"38. Lacy              BE, Mearin              F, Chang              L, Chey              WD, Lembo              AJ, Simren              M, Spiller              R. 2016.            Bowel disorders.            Gastroenterology 150:          1393\u20131407.e5.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.031"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. Metwaly              A, Kriaa              A, Hassani              Z, Carraturo              F, Druart              C, Arnauts              K, Wilmes              P, Walter              J, Rosshart              S, Desai              MS, et            al. IHMCSA Consortium 2025.            A Consensus Statement on establishing causality, therapeutic applications            and the use of preclinical models in microbiome research. Nat            Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 22:            343\u2013356.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-025-01041-3"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40. Liang              SB, Cheng              HJ, Zhang              QY, Han              M, Li              YF, Cao              HJ, Yu              ZY, Kong              LY, Cai              YM, An              LB, et            al. 2025. Chinese herbal formula            Tongxie Yaofang granules for diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a            randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II trial.            BMJ Open 15: e088410.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-088410"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41. Liang              SB, Cao              HJ, Kong              LY, Wei              JL, Robinson              N, Yang              SH, Zhu              SJ, Li              YQ, Fei              YT, Han              M, et            al. 2022. Systematic review and            meta-analysis of Chinese herbal formula Tongxie Yaofang for diarrhea-predominant            irritable bowel syndrome: evidence for clinical practice and future            trials. Front Pharmacol 13:            904657.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.904657"}],"container-title":["Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/bmfh\/45\/3\/45_2026-027\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T04:25:25Z","timestamp":1783139125000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/bmfh\/45\/3\/45_2026-027\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12938\/bmfh.2026-027","relation":{},"ISSN":["2186-3342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2186-3342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"2026-027"}}