{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T12:43:49Z","timestamp":1772628229119,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Mark Allen Group","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Community Nurs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Interstitial lung disease (ILD) refers to a cluster of fibroinflammatory conditions. There are limited treatment options and most patients have severe dyspnoea. The prognosis is poor. This study aims to evaluate current literature on the assessment and management of refractory breathlessness in ILD. Few tools are available to assess dyspnoea in advanced respiratory disease. Holistic assessment requires a combination of tools but there are few disease specific tools. The role of opioids is well established in the reduction of breathlessness, but there is insufficient evidence that benzodiazepines are beneficial. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Non-pharmcolological breathlessness intervention services can give patients mastery of their disease, reduced distress due to breathlessness and were more cost effective. More research on holistic interventions for use in advanced disease needs to be done. Patient-reported outcome measures could elicit valuable evidence to describe the benefit of breathlessness management services in advanced respiratory disease. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12968\/bjcn.2017.22.9.434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T16:15:29Z","timestamp":1504282529000},"page":"434-439","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessment and management of refractory breathlessness in interstitial lung disease"],"prefix":"10.12968","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Lucy","family":"Speakman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Nurse, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Walthall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Brookes university"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5130","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.523"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2012.0505"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.003"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"377","author":"Borg G","year":"1982","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"1","key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20359","volume":"33","author":"Carrieri-Kohlman V","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2012.0591"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-013-0162-8"},{"issue":"194","key":"B10","first-page":"1","volume":"12","author":"Farquhar MC","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2009.09.024"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2006.12.005"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/ijpn.2011.17.5.245"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2010.12.022"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(14)70226-7"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.02.006"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17476348.2014.879530"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0453-x"},{"key":"B20","first-page":"CAA789","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 100th Anniversary International Conference American Thoracic Society","author":"Marchetti N","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"B21","first-page":"167","volume":"21","author":"McCord M","year":"1992","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201111-2042ST"},{"key":"B25","first-page":"944","volume":"2","author":"Radbruch L","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/174329111X13147108047456"},{"issue":"9","key":"B27","first-page":"24","volume":"79","author":"Roper N","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nurs Times"},{"key":"B28","first-page":"CD007354","volume":"10","author":"Simon ST","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"B29","first-page":"277","volume":"76","author":"Wilson RC","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clinic Scient"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0693"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Community Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.magonlinelibrary.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.12968\/bjcn.2017.22.9.434","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T20:01:19Z","timestamp":1653422479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.magonlinelibrary.com\/doi\/10.12968\/bjcn.2017.22.9.434"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,2]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.12968\/bjcn.2017.22.9.434"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/bjcn.2017.22.9.434","relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-4753","2052-2215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-4753","type":"print"},{"value":"2052-2215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,2]]}}}