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This often means lengthy periods spent as an inpatient for many sufferers, as well as a lifetime reliant upon health professionals to prescribe strong analgesics in an attempt to try and control the painful symptoms associated with sickle cell disease. Readers should note that the term \u2018painful episode\u2019 is now used in preference to \u2018crisis\u2019. Despite recommendations that initial hospital management of sickle cell painful episode should be aimed at providing rapid pain control, this article will show that choosing the right analgesic is not always easy to decide. National guidelines may aid this process, incorporated alongside increased patient empowerment and the important role of the nurse. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2005.14.9.18072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,23]],"date-time":"2014-05-23T14:13:36Z","timestamp":1400854416000},"page":"484-489","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sickle cell anaemia 2: management approaches of painful episodes"],"prefix":"10.12968","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Diana","family":"De","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult Nursing, School of Care Science, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"5130","reference":[{"key":"p_51","volume-title":"however, found that some sickle","author":"Clare","year":"1998"},{"key":"p_67","volume-title":"Rees et al","year":"2002"},{"key":"p_72","volume-title":"Jacobson et al","year":"1997"},{"key":"p_74","volume-title":"e.g. water and lipid-soluble, making it more rapid acting, easier to inject in smaller volumes and avoids absorption problems (Rees et al","year":"2002"},{"key":"p_129","volume-title":"A First Class Service"},{"key":"p_139","volume-title":"stated that the presence of an","author":"Ballas","year":"1990"},{"key":"p_155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830340111"},{"key":"p_156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-2026.2002.00344.x"},{"key":"p_157","volume-title":"London","author":"British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain","year":"2005"},{"key":"p_158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199505183322001"},{"key":"p_159","first-page":"935","volume":"326","author":"Clare N","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"p_160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043426-200211000-00008"},{"key":"p_161","volume-title":"London","author":"Do H","year":"1998"},{"key":"p_162","volume-title":"London (http:\/\/www","author":"Do H","year":"2004"},{"key":"p_163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjom.1996.4.6.319"},{"key":"p_164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7748\/ns.4.35.30.s37"},{"key":"p_165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(86)80373-0"},{"key":"p_166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199753010-00012"},{"key":"p_167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199403173301101"},{"key":"p_168","first-page":"239","volume":"3","author":"Grisham J","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"p_169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)08462-6"},{"issue":"101","key":"p_170","first-page":"40","volume":"8","author":"Johnson L","year":"2004","journal-title":"NursTimes"},{"key":"p_171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-199001000-00003"},{"key":"p_172","volume-title":"Living with Sickle Cell Pain. 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